How expensive is it to file for copyright protection in the US?

Julie Broad (YouTube, Feb 20, 2023) explains how much it costs to file for U.S. copyright protection for a book. She states that electronic filing before publication costs $45, paper filing after publication costs $125, and that books are eligible for pre-registration. She also lists the three conditions a work must meet to be eligible for pre-registration: unpublished, being prepared for commercial distribution (physical or digital), and being a type of work with a history of pre-release infringement.
Questions this video answers
$45
$125
1) The work must be unpublished; 2) it must be in the process of being prepared for commercial distribution (physical or digital); 3) it must be a type of work that the Register has determined has a history of infringement prior to authorized commercial distribution.










