How I am Reversing My Skins Aging With Peptides w/ Carolina Reis Oliveira | EP #120

What causes skin aging in general from a medical science perspective? What's going on?

Skin aging is basically the generation of the skin tissue and it's caused by two processes.

I was just blown away by the science and the technology, what you've been building. And I started using it. It is one of the few products I've used consistently twice a day for four years.

No S1 has this ability of decreasing up to 40% the load of senescent cel.

That's amazing. What is your skin care protocol?

Yeah. Luckily it's very simple. So.

Everybody, Peter Diamandis here and welcome to Moonshot. Today I have a guest who I think about twice a day because I use her product twice a day, every day. It's Dr. Carolina Rees Oliveira. She's a co founder and CEO of OneSkin. She has a background in stem cell biology, tissue engineering, immunology, and she founded One Skin with four incredible women, all PhDs in this area to combat age related disease, particular of the largest organ in our body, our skin. I love the product. I use it twice a day. Full disclosure, I am an advisor to the company and because I love it so much. Super proud that Oneskin is a sponsor of this podcast. We'll link to One Skin in the details down below. But let's jump in to a topic that I've had a lot of energy. People saying your skin looks amazing. What are you doing? So let's talk about how I'm reversing the age of my skin. Carolina, great to have you.

Thank you so much, Peter. So great to be here. Thanks for your support since we launched our product in 2020 20. So, yeah. Excited to be back.

Yeah, no, it was. I met you on one of our Longevity Platinum trips up in the Bay Area and I was just blown away by the science and the technology, what you've been building. And I started using it and I kid you not, it is one of the few products I've used consistently twice a day for four years. I remember when I was interviewing Larry Page at Google when he first joined the XPRIZE board back years ago. He said his objective with Google was to create a product that people used at least twice a day. Like they use their toothbrush and if they got to that, that would be super successful. So I know you've gotten to that and I've turned God knows how many people on to Oneskin. Why? Because I actually love the product. So where are you today? Up in the Bay Area?

Yeah, I'm in the Bay Area.

Fantastic.

Continue with the research. Here we have an office and a lab in San Francisco.

How big is your team at this point?

We are about 30 people. Yeah.

Amazing. And are your PhD co founding women still with you on the journey?

Yeah, Lysandra is my main co founder that leads the science. But yeah, Mariana and Juliana, they were very important partners throughout this journey as well. We all complement our expertise in some ways. I come from the stem cell biology, tissue engineering. Alessandra did her PhD in skin regeneration. Mariana, bioinformatics. And Juliana, she's an expert also in stem cell biologist.

An amazing team. I mean, really blown away. You know, people don't realize skin is the largest organ in your body. Obviously, you know that. And skincare is a massive industry. I should have looked up the number beforehand. You know how big it is as an industry.

It's over 200 billion. And then when you focus more on anti aging, it's around 80 billion. And it's supposed to grow to I believe 150 in 2032. So it's definitely growing in a fast pace.

Yeah. When I think about what do I want when I'm 120 or older, I want to think clearly. I want to have great mobility, I want to have great immunity and I want to look good. So it's cognition, aesthetics, mobility. Those are the fundamental things. When you look yourself in the mirror every day, you want to say, oh, I'm doing okay, and you feel good about that. So let's jump into the first general question here, which is what causes skin aging and what is skin aging in general from a medical science perspective? What's going on?

Yeah. So skin aging is basically the generation of the skin tissue. And it's caused by two processes. One is the internal aging. That's the natural aging process. Our cells are constantly dividing and they are accumulating mutations and there is this buildup of inflammation in our body. The other process is the extrinsic aging. That's basically all the environmental stressors that we are exposed on a daily basis. Primarily UV exposure, but also pollution, obviously smoking and other types of radiation. Both of these processes, they cause damage in our cells or directly in our DNA or proteins. They increase the production of free radicals. And this all contributes to the accumulation of these old cells that we called like senescent cells or zombie cells. And the main problem of these old cells or senescent cells is that they start secreting inflammation. And the inflammation that they secrete basically leads to coll. To dysregulation, melanin synthesis. And this consequently leads to sagging wrinkles, dark spots. If we are going to simplify, we can say that senescent cells accumulation is one of the main drivers of skin aging. There are several ways that we can lead to cellular senescence. And the interesting part is that when we are young, our body is able to recognize those senescent cel and clear them out of the way. So our immune system is supposed to do this well, but as we grow older and we accumulate more and more of those senescent cells, the inflammation becomes to a point that it overwhelms our immune system. Our immune system gets deficient and they accumulate, and that's when it leads to those dysfunctions that in the skin we see as signs of aging and obviously is also associated with skin cancer. But in other tissues in our body, the accumulation of those cells is associated with several age related diseases. So it could be heart diseases, brain diseases. So this is considered one of the main hallmarks of aging, because it's not. It happens, you know, throughout our body, our bodies. And then that's why we are very interested in how we can decrease the amount of those zombie cells in our skin.

Yeah. The way I learned it. Let me bounce this off you. For feedback is for human cells at least, we typically have something called the Hayflick limit, which is the number of times a cell can divide. I think that is like 50 cell divisions thereabouts. The Hayflick limit. At the end of 50 cell divisions, cells divide. Should have the decency to die. You've done your job, you've divided. Okay, now go away. But two other outcomes can occur. One, they can go immortal and become cancers, which is not a good thing. Or the second thing, like you said, they can become senile cells, also known as zombie cells, grouchy old man cells. And as those cells are sitting there not dying, they're sort of like in this, this again, zombie state. And they're just pumping out inflammatory molecules that are recruiting other cells around them and causing this inflammation. I think it's your natural killer cells, your innate immune system that's supposed to find those. I know you know Dr. Bob Hariri, who's the CEO of Cellularity, and we've been talking about the idea of supplementing your NK cell population to help you with senescence and cancer and so forth. But I think the point you made is as we get older, there's a concept called immuno exhaustion where your immune system is just getting exhausted. It's fighting against all these viruses, it's fighting against all the increasing Senescent cells and it can't, you can't catch up. Then you need to do something else. Let's dive into it. You developed a compound to find and zap senescent cells. When you're doing your doctoral work and you're laying down the foundation for one skin and the OS one product, did you set out to focus on senescent cells or talk to me about that?

Yeah, no, actually we started. Well back in Brazil, we were doing something else. We were growing human tissues derived from stem cells to replace animal testing. Very different when that first endeavor didn't work out. But we got the opportunity to move to the US and focus primarily on skin. And at that point, we decided to use our expertise to grow human skins in the lab and test any anti aging product that were already in the market to measure if they could actually promote any age reversal effect. So because we are able to measure the age of the skin by reading the epigenetic signature, we could determine if a skin is like 50 years old. We can test a given product and we can measure how many years that product would reduce, hopefully reduce the age of the skin. What we found really fast is that most products that are there claiming to be anti aging, most of them cannot decrease the age of the skin, Some can accelerate the age of the skin, and none of them were actually targeting what we believed to one of the primary causes of aging. So we saw that the industry that's claiming to be anti aging is completely outdated. They haven't evolved in their approach because we were studying so much about aging and we were seeing a lot going on in the cell, reprogramming, cellular senescence, and different strategy to target the fundamental mechanisms that are driving aging. We realized there was a better way to actually address this problem to target at the source. That point we decided to shift from being like a testing company to actually a company that would search for new molecules. More specifically peptides. We were interested in peptides because it's already commonly used in cosmetics. For those who don't know, peptide is basically the building blocks of a protein. If you think in that way, it's like a small sequence of amino acids. And for example, insulin is a peptide. And peptides can have this effect of entering the cell and act as a messenger so they can activate certain pathways or suppress others. We were looking for peptides that could selectively switch off senescent cells or decrease the burden of senescent cells. So we spent the first five years of one skin just doing the research in order to find this peptide we.

Partnered with, using the platform you had created for testing everybody else, right?

Yeah, exactly. First we developed this platform, that one, we can replicate the skin aging the lab. So we can replicate a very young skin, skin to a very old skin, so we understand exactly what is changing in that process and we can measure the age of the skin. The second is that we use these cells derived from progeria donors. So progeria is a rare and genetic disorder that children age really fast and they accumulate senescent cells really fast. So we use cells derived from those donuts to screen peptides. So we tested over 900 peptides. But initially we partnered with this university in Brazil. They were studying antimicrobial peptides and they had the library of 200 peptides. We decided to test them against these progeria cells. And in that first round of screening, we found four hits. So basically four peptides that performed the better. Then we use an algorithm that helped us to do permutations, changing the sequence of the amino acids in a way that we could optimize the efficiency. We generated another 700 peptides out of those four. And we test again against the same progeria cells. That's when we found OS1. OS1 has this ability of decreasing up to 40% the load of senescent cells.

That's amazing.

Yeah.

So we talk about peptides. And again, just to remind folks, amino acid is a basic building block and your DNA codes for basically proteins, which are made up of a sequence of amino acids. And those proteins can be hundreds or thousands, tens of thousands amino acids long, and they're assembled in your ribosomes. But the signaling peptides are rather small. Right. They're short sequence amino acids. So what size amino acids? How many, what size peptides? How many amino acids were the range of them that you were testing?

Yeah, the range was between 10 and 14. Because also, to be able to penetrate the skin, there is a limit in the molecular weight. So OS1 is 10amino acids. So it's over a little bit over 1000 Daltons. So. And because of the polarity and the confirmation of the peptide, we can guarantee the penetration of the peptide, you know, throughout the, the stratum corneum, the skin barrier. But obviously, if you get to a bigger peptide, it becomes more challenging. You need to use a sophisticated delivery system. Luckily, OS1, it's a size that we can apply topically and we can detect the penetration up to the dermal layer. That's the layer that contains the fibroblasts that produce collagen gives the firmness and the structure of the skin.

That's great. So 10amino acids. And I am curious, I never asked you this question. Were you able to patent that amino acid sequence as a, as a anti aging product?

Yeah, so we definitely, we have a patent on the. There is a motif that we believe that it's important for this function and there, there are variations around this motif that we can patent. So we have a pattern mainly focused on skin and senescence. But we even have been exploring for other applications as well as like metabolic disorders and inflammation because one of the main ways that the peptide works is like decreasing inflammation. So when we treated those progeria cells of the peptide, we see that there is overall decrease in the secretion that the senescent cells are producing in terms of the inflammation. And that really helps in any, you know, many other conditions. So.

Yeah. So let me ask you a question. So I use, you know, I use the OS1 product. I said that on my, on my skin. But I also have OS1 body lotion and a, an eye lotion and then a sort of sun screen and so forth when I'm, when I'm using OS1 and okay, do my face in the morning and at night before I sleep and then I'm putting the OS 1 body lotion on my arms and my legs. Is it my imagination that it's going beyond just my skin? Is it giving me an overall senescent protection for other organs in my body?

We can't actually, we have measured already the blood of individuals that have been using the product for many, many years. And we couldn't detect the peptide in the blood, which is good because obviously this could have other implications, good or bad, that as a cosmetic company, as a skincare company, we shouldn't be there. But what we see is that by protecting your skin and strengthening your skin indirectly, you are decreasing the inflammation of your body because your skin is your largest organ and as it ages, accumulates damage and accumulates senescent cells. And as the skin barrier weakens, there is an increase already in the inflammation that comes from our skin. And even low levels of inflammation coming from our skin can compromise on internal levels of inflammation. That's an interesting. One of the interesting studies that we did was actually with the body lotion that we recruited elderly people from 60 to 85 years old. These are people that already have a very fragile skin. And we collect blood at the baseline and they use the body lotion and the face for three months. Three months. And then we collect blood Again, and we saw a decrease in some inflammatory cytokines just by treating the skin topically. So that's a very interesting concept that most people are not aware that obviously your skin is impacting our body internally, but in a very important way. So a lot of those inflammatory cytokines, they are related to chronic diseases. So if it's elevated in your blood, you are more susceptible to develop such diseases. So that's a very interesting point, that the product helps everybody.

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Yeah, great question. So there are a few things that we learned as we were testing on their products. There are some products that they claim to be anti aging, but they are full of toxic ingredients that they can actually be causing more damage than good to your skin. So some of them, when we apply on top of the skin in the lab and we look at the histology, like a cross section of the skin, the cells are completely degenerating, the cells are dying. There is a lot of inflammation. So unfortunately, some products are really causing more damage to our skin. Other products known to have vitamin C or other ingredients like glycolic acid, they can be good for your skin. So some can promote a light exfoliation, or vitamin C can work as an antioxidant and fight free radicals, but they are not, you know, addressing senescent cells. This. Similarly, the main product that's used as an anti aging is retinoic acid or tretinoin or retinols. This is a. Is known as a very effective ingredient, basically induces cell turnover. So the, the retinoids, they bind to several receptors in our skin and causes this cell renewal. And for most people, you're gonna see your skin initially peeling off. So you are growing a newer, fresher skin a lot of people can't tolerate. A lot of people become more sensitive because while you renew your skin, you're basically exposing your skin because the barrier is completely removed. But similar to the other ingredients, it's not decreasing the load of senescent cells. So all of them, they can help in some way. But you would still need a product like ours that is targeting senescent cells. Otherwise you're treating the symptoms and the driver is still there promoting pumping that inflammation, that it's accelerating aging.

Is there any product you found that is competitive with what you do? Or do you feel like you're the number one product out there in terms of senescent cell reduction?

So far, as far as I know, we are the only ones that are completely focused on cellular senescence. There are other companies claiming that they focus on senescence, but I haven't seen any data. So I think because we've been studying this for the past eight years, it. It's very challenging to get to something as we got today. So first you needed to find an ingredient that is effective. And it's. We have tested like several common, I would say longevity molecules. So, for example, metformin or rapamycin or nmn and. And some of them work for reducing senescent cells. But when it comes to the concentration that you need to deliver to the skin to be effective, to the ability to penetrate the skin and the stability of those molecules over time, different phs, it's very tricky to check all of those boxes. But there is rapamycin cream out there. You need prescription. We tested rapamycin in our skin and what we saw is that if there is a very. There is a tight dose, that rapamycin works well. If you increase a little bit is already causing a little bit of toxicity. So one need to be careful when you're using a rapamycin cream because we know that it can be immunosuppressant and it can be toxic depending on the concentration.

Is there any limit on one skin cream? I use it twice a day. Is there any value in using it three times a day or does it still work if it's once a day? Help me understand that.

Yeah, there is for the face product, we optimize those for twice a day. We haven't test three times or more a day because it's almost like people wouldn't be able to do that. So interesting. We have tried to increase the concentration of the peptide for the face cream.

Right.

Didn't necessarily lead to a better result for the eye cream, which is a different formulation. And one very interesting data that we have around the skin on the eyes is that if you measure the biological age, just under or above your eyes is 20 to 30 years older than the skin around your temple or forehead. Wow. So because the skin is much thinner, it, you know, it's moving all the time. Accumulate more senescent cells, it's more delicate. It's a different, I'd say, skin composition that requires a different product. So for that product, we used eyelid skins that we got in partnership with, like, surgeons that we were doing, like blepharoplastic surgeries. And we developed that specific formula to increase the collagen and decrease the senescence load around the eye. So for that product, we increased the concentration of OS1 peptide, and we saw an improvement in the results in collagen production and reduction in P16. That's one of the main markers of cellulose and essence. So some people, what they do instead of using the face cream, they use the eye in their whole face or their neck, whatever is there they are most concerned about. I think if you have a healthy skin, the face should be good for you, obviously for areas that you need a little bit more.

And how does the body cream differ from the face cream?

Yeah, the body cream also has different ingredients. So there are ingredients that are more hydrating that you couldn't necessarily use on your face because it could potentially clog some pores. So we have this ingredient, like derived from mushrooms, that can hold water 400 times more than hyaluronic acid, which is like, known as one of the main ingredients that can hydrate the skin. There is sulforaphane. That's also known as a longevity molecule. It's a. It's present in broccoli, but it has a lot of antioxidants some people even use for, like, treating cancer. And it has a lower concentration of the peptide. Again, because your body is not as exposed as your face. Yeah, we optimize for. For the skin of their body. And one of the interesting things that we have seen with the body as well is that a lot of people, they have, you know, they get this fragile skin. And if people have conditions like diabetes, they can have some wounds that won't heal. Right. And by using the body lotion, we even got recently a reveal that the people were able to close that wounded. Not applying on the open wound. We never suggest that. But if you apply around, you are basically decreasing that inflammation and the skin is recovering that ability to. To heal. So we have seen a lot of people reporting that kind of benefit, which for us is. It's really exciting to see.

Carolina, are you continuing your underlying R and D to find other molecules that perform even better? Do you have a sort of. And are you using AI in that search to look for that? Give me an understanding of where Oneskin as a company is going to.

Yeah, absolutely. We continue to test new molecules. Right now we believe that peptides are the main molecule that we can deliver to consumers. In the near term, there are other technologies, as you know, cell reprogramming, which still has a lot of challenge in terms of translation to consumers. So we continue to focus on peptide.

And when you talk about cell cellular reprogramming, you're talking about kind of the work that David Sinclair has done on epigenetic reprogramming, on reversing the epigenome of those cells to a younger. A younger stage.

Yeah, some people, yeah, some people can do with CRISPR as well. You can use with like viral vectors mRNA's. There are a few companies working on that. The translation to consumers mainly as skincare products is still challenging. So we are mainly focused on peptides and other molecules that can be delivered in the skin. But always looking how we can optimize again the reduction of senescent cells, how we can reduce more the biological age of the skin. Because with OS1 peptide we showed that we could decrease the biological age in 2.5 years. In the lab, this was over a course of five days, obviously a very controlled experimental condition. We have been testing now in humans the biological age after using the products for 12 years. And we have found that we could reduce 3.3 years after using the product for 12 months. We are repeating this study with a larger cohort. So we hope to see even like a higher decrease in the biological age. But right now that's what we have. But we want to obviously develop the next generation of our product. That one of the things that we are also looking to, it's encapsulating the peptide so it can penetrate and can be delivered in a more sustainable way. There are several technologies that we are using and we do collaborate with some companies that use AI to generate these molecules. So we do these partnerships and we use our platform for testing and validating.

Love that. So let's talk about beyond OS1. So for example, in the mornings I typically do 20 to 30 minutes of red light therapy. What do you think of red light therapy for. And the reasons for red light therapy in theory are reduced inflammation, increased skin health, increased mitochondrial something or other. And I don't know the numbers there. Do you use red light therapy? Do you recommend it? What do you think of it?

Yeah, no, I think it's a great tool. There are many studies showing that red light therapy will reduce free radicals, will basically increase the ability of the cells to fight those free radicals. So it does improve mitochondrial function, improve the, the overall cellular function. So it. And in the end it reduces inflammation. So this is good for your face. This is Good for your overall body. So that's, that's something that I think it's a great pairing with our products. Other things that I think, you know, there are obviously some laser treatments that you can do in office. There is exosomes, there is prp. I think when it comes with lasers, I'm. I'm usually a proponent of the lasers that don't disrupt too much like the, the epidermal layer because you still want to maintain your skin protected, but you can stimulate the deeper layers of your skin skin that sometimes is harder to do with, you know, topical products. So there are some lasers that will cause small injuries on the derms and then we will activate the fibroblast to basically produce more collagen. And obviously, you know, exosomes and PRPs. There are a lot of products out there with exosomes. I'm a little hesitant about them.

That's where I was going to go next. I. There are all these skin creams with exosomes in them. For those who don't know, an exosome is sort of a little contained piece of cellular membrane that includes growth factors and signaling molecules, and they're typically pumped out by stem cells. And so a lot of claims on exosomes. I've tried some skin creams there. I keep coming back to one skin. But is there a promise in exosomes? Are you researching that? What do you think about it?

Yeah, we did a little bit of research and as you said, the exosomes are vesicles that any cell can secrete. So obviously if you get exosomes from an old cell, you're going to get a lot of bad signals. If you get exosomes from stem cells, you can have a lot of those growth factors and signaling molecules. The main challenge are a few ones. So one is to. Is reproducibility. It's really hard that you have the same content every time because obviously the cells, they vary. Even if you try to keep them at the same condition, they will not secrete the same thing every day. The second one is instability. So usually you needed to keep them frozen because if you keep them at room temperature, they will start to degrade. Mainly, you know, peptides, small peptides. So that's one of the main challenge. And some companies try to keep it like refrigerated. But again, measuring that stability over time, I would say that's challenging. The third point is again, the penetration, if those molecules are actually penetrating. So if we're going to use exosomes, ideally you are going to use from frozen vial, you are going to dye it and then you are going to use directly on your skin, ideally doing some micro needling because you needed to facilitate a little bit the penetration. Just applying topically is challenged to deliver all of those growth factors. Growth factors are usually bigger molecules, bigger proteins, and they tend to be a little harder to penetrate.

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Yeah. There is data showing that after the age of 25, 30 years, we lose every year about 1 to 1.5% our ability to replenish the collagen. Because collagen usually needs to be kind of recycled. Right. You break down and you're constantly building new collagen and with this aging process we lose that ability. And it's primarily due to, you know, an increase of inflammation and epigenetic chains, as you said, that will silence some specific collagen genes.

Do you supplement with collagen at all? Do you take collagen tablets or pills? I mean, should we be doing that as well?

Yeah, there are some studies showing that it can help. It's not very conclusive yet. So it's still a little bit controversial because when you supplement with collagen, depending on the state of your body, your body will recruit that collagen to whatever it needs most. If it needs more to your tendon, to your cartilage is going to go there. But if you are, I would say if you're a very, you know, good health, it could be well distributed and it could go to your skin. So there is no harm of supplementing with collagen. And there is, you know, studies showing that's an anti inflammatory as well. And it can help. So because you're already supplying the building blocks of, you know, the peptides that you need to build more collagen that can facilitate, that can speed up your own production of collagen. But again, it's not super conclusive. It's not bad. So there is no harm of adding collagen to your diet.

Yeah. So I live in la, in Santa Monica. I'm looking out the window, it's a bright blue sky. I, you know, I rarely am outside laying in the sun. A few times. I may go and lie in the sun for 15, 20 minutes if I'm just want to think about something and it's a beautiful day and I warm my skin and so forth and so on, but I'm just typically walking around, you know, and I'm outside, I don't know, maybe a total of an hour in the day. Typically Getting to my car or walking to get a cup of coffee or something like that. Maybe it's half an hour. Should I be thinking about a sunscreen all the time, every day, even if I'm not, you know, sunbathing.

So there is a lot of discussion about that. I'm, I'm the, you know, the type of person that would wear sunscreen, sunscreen every day. I work by the window. So I know that I'm gonna get a lot of sunlight. OS1 is already protecting. But if you can add an additional layer that again, it's safe, it's not going to cause any damage to your skin. I would add that if you are going outside in any case, that you are going to get sunburn. That's like when you must wear sunscreen. So sunburn is obviously the main thing that we should avoid. They can, you know, increase the chances of skin cancer. That's when you're really causing redness, inflammation. So it's really clearly that's bad for you. I like to protect as much as possible. So I will use at least a face spf. In our case, we select the mineral one, the zinc oxide, because it tends to be safer to any skin type. Some of the chemicals, they can have some endocrine disruptors. So there's a little bit of, you know, discussion there. But obviously if you're out there, if you only have one option and if you're going to get sunburn, I would use a chemical sunscreen as well. But I would say on a daily basis it's a good habit to add sunscreen. And a lot of people in, you know, think about the vitamin D production and how this could impact. If you are staying in the sun for a long period, the sunscreen should not, you know, completely eliminate your ability to produce vitamin D. So you still can get your vitamin D production wearing sunscreen, assuming that you have some skin exposure. Obviously some people cover themselves so much that. But in that case it's a little more challenging. But you can still get from your diet or supplements and so on. So I'm a sunscreen proponent on the more the mineral side at least. Yeah. When I know that I'll be directly exposed, even like by the window. Driving, we get a lot on our hands. If you drive a lot, that's one area that we forget and usually later on we're going to see that really causes the damage.

That's an interesting point. Right. I mean, I feel my face is pretty good, but adding a little sunscreen to my hands for sure, that Makes sense. So listen, you are a CEO of a very tech forward skincare company. You're a PhD in this entire area. You have focused your life's attention on it. So I'm sure everyone wants to know what is your skin care protocol? So talk us through in some detail what Carolina does for skincare from the time you wake up till the time you go to sleep.

Yeah, luckily it's very simple. So in the morning, because my skin is already clean from the day before, from the night before, I just rinse my face. I, I usually go to the gym still like you know, early on. And when I come back, I shower and then I apply the face moisturizer, apply the body lotion after a shower, apply the eye cream and the honestly I mostly apply the eye cream at night, but, and then I apply the sun sunscreen. So morning is usually face body and the eye cream and the sunscreen. And then at night I will wash my face with the cleanser because that's when you need to remove all the impurities, all the, you know, pollution, dirt. Really, really important.

And you formulated a cleanser specifically for the product or any cleanser?

Yeah. So this cleanser is formulated the to first like deeply cleanse your skin, help the peptide to penetrate better. So we have data showing that using the cleanser you more than double the penetration of the peptide. Also doesn't disrupt your skin microbiome, doesn't dry out your skin. So it's a very gentle cleanser. Some people like to double cleanse, like cleanse twice. I don't do that. And then at night I apply again the face moisturizer and the eye cream. So pretty simple, takes me less than five minutes. But I think other things that, you know, helped me to improve my skin was a lot of like really being more mindful of the other products that I was using, mainly like makeup. A lot of times makeup has a lot of like bad ingredients, toxic ingredients. So I did reduce a lot of the foundation. And then right, right now I really look for clean products or products that don't have toxic ingredients because you can try to nurture your skin and if you apply, you know, other things on top that are not good in the end that you are, we're gonna cause some issues there other than skin care, which is kind of very simple. I obviously try to get good sleep, drink a lot of water.

And how important is hydration to good skin?

It is very important. Obviously a lot of the plumpness of the skin, the supple comes from the hydration and the hydration one is like the hyaluronic acid or the other extracellular matrix that hold water inside, but also your skin barrier. How intact, how strong is your skin barrier to not allow the water loss? So in our clinical studies, one of the main things that we measure is the skin barrier, the ability to retain moisture or to prevent water loss. And we always see improvement with any product that we develop in the skin barrier. So both intake of water but also delivering some ingredients that will help your skin to produce more hyaluronic acid and retain water. Super important. And you notice that if you sleep bad or if you drink alcohol, your skin will be completely affected by that.

Yep, yep. Carolina, listen, I again love the product, use it twice a day. And independent of knowing you and being an advisory company, I just, you know, I share it with everybody I see and am thrilled and excited to see where you go next. I mean I do, I do believe that old style skin creams and beauty industry is about to get disrupted with, you know, technologies coming out and excited to follow your journey. Thank you for what you do. Where do people follow you? Where do they learn more about the product?

Thank you, Peter. Yeah, no, always super excited to share our progress with you and I think you have seen how much you have grown in the past.

I mean it's amazing. It's amazing where you've grown. I run into people all the time saying, you know, have you heard of this product once? Yes, I've heard about this product. I love it.

Yeah, that's amazing. Yeah. So I would recommend people to go to Oneskin co sign up. Yes, yes. We share a lot of content of the data that we generate in the lab, the clinical studies, other longevity tips. You know, obviously skin health is part of the overall health. So we are very excited about sharing that information with our consumers. Also on Instagram, one skin dot one skin co and I also, I, I'm on LinkedIn. Carolina race, Aliveira. I think you guys can add there. But yeah, always a pleasure, you know, chatting with you, your community is amazing. Everywhere that I go and I meet, oh, I heard about you guys from Peter Diamandis is always so good to see and in the conference at the 836I had so many testimonials like I've been using your product for four years and people are so excited. So I really, really appreciate it.

It's a pleasure, it's a joy to talk about and promote products that are scientifically sound and work and add value to people's lives and that's definitely what oneskin is. Carolina proud of you as a. As a friend and a CEO. Thank you for all that you do.

Thank you so much. Peter.