Episode 17: Understanding Your Immune System

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I can't wait to see you in there. Hi, I'm Dr. Tabatha, the Functional Gynecologist. I'm a board-certified OB-GYN and functional medicine physician. I've embraced the world of functional medicine and wellness through my own personal health journey, and I'm super excited to share my wisdom and unique perspective as it pertains to women's health. So if you're struggling with hormone imbalance, weight gain, period issues, anxiety, insomnia, you name it, Then you've come to the right place. I want to be your functional gynecologist. So welcome. Hi ladies. So today's episode is called Understanding Your Immune System. I thought this would be a great topic to discuss in the wake of COVID-19 because if you're anything like me, this social distancing has been a struggle, to say the least. I've been trying to work from home while I teach my kids and help them with their schoolwork and keep them fed, and they're just full of energy. It's insane. So I've had moments where I've actually screamed. I've cried a couple times and I've wanted to pull my hair out and it's only been a week. So I realized that I need to work on my stress management. I thought I had all the tools for that, my meditation, my deep breathing, you know, journaling, that type of thing. But I need to step it up a notch because this week has been really challenging and it has shown me that stress can overtake you and affect your body. So I've been seeing all of these ads for boosting your immune system with this supplement or that supplement. And honestly, managing your stress is the biggest way to boost your immune system. And I'm going to explain why that is. So I'm going to get into the science a little bit of how your immune system works and how your stress affects it. And then we're going to talk strategy. How can I really help my immune system to get me through this? Because honestly, ladies, we're probably looking at a couple more months until life is back down to normal and our everyday normal stresses that we have.

So Awesome.

So our immune system is a complex network of cells and organs that defend the body against infection. The main parts of our immune system are the white blood cells, antibodies, our complement system, the lymphatic system, our spleen, bone marrow, and thymus. You can hear and feel the beating of your heart, right? So you know it's working, but the immune system is usually silent. You don't really know it's working. So even though we're much less aware of our immune system, it is working 24/7 to protect us from thousands of potentially deadly attacks every day, like COVID-19. So let's examine the different lines of defense used by the immune system. The first defense is known as the innate immunity. This is a range of protective mechanisms we are born with. The innate immune system provides nonspecific protection against various pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and worms. So a number of defense mechanisms serve the innate immune system. These include physical barriers like your skin, chemical barriers like antimicrobial proteins that harm or destroy those invaders that try to get into our system. And then cells that attack foreign cells and body cells that are harboring infectious agents. So before we talk about the second line of defense, let's talk a little bit more about the innate immunity. So the skin is an external barrier made from layers of cells serving as a protective barrier to infection. Not only does your skin provide a protective barrier to keep invaders out, But it secretes fatty acids and enzymes. That's pretty cool. You probably didn't know that. So the fatty acid oleic acid can kill certain bacteria while the enzyme lysosome can break down the outer wall of certain bacteria. So internally, your mucous membranes line your respiratory tract, GI tract, genital urinary tract, and they provide Barrier of cells that are constantly being renewed or regenerated, and the membrane traps small particles to prevent them from attaching to the cells. A good example of where this innate immunity starts to break down is after menopause. Women's vaginal tissue is no longer releasing those enzymes and having nice cell turnover all the time. To protect it. So you are more prone to getting bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections. So that's a good example of another crucial aspect of innate immunity is that it causes— it's a chemical barrier to infection. So when microbes penetrate the body's protective barriers and enter into our tissues, then they encounter a variety of chemical substances that attempt to prevent their growth. There are many mechanisms and cells by which chemicals work to harm or destroy invaders. These processes go beyond the scope of what we're going to discuss. Just know that they are continually looking out for foreign invaders and ready to strike at any time. Early induced responses are the final process of innate immunity. So that's inflammation. Inflammation can eliminate infection or hold it in check until specific acquired immune responses have time to develop. Infection often results in tissue damage, which may trigger an inflammatory response. So the triggers of inflammation include pain, swelling, redness, and fever. These are induced by chemicals released by macrophages, which are white blood cells. So inflammation is a healthy protective immune response. However, chronic inflammation exists in the body, then you get chronic disease developing. So the second line of defense is called acquired immunity. Acquired means that you're not born with this form of immunity. It means that you acquire it through exposure to pathogens over your life. This line of defense is acquired from exposure to infection or disease, another person's antibodies, like baby to mama. And it's well established that persons who contact certain diseases and survive generally do not catch those illnesses again. This is made possible through the mechanisms of acquired immunity. When your immune system is exposed to a pathogen, it learns to recognize it and can make your immune system better equipped to fight off that type of germ the next time you're exposed to it. Acquired immunity is dependent on the specialized white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are the cells responsible for the body's ability to distinguish and react to almost infinite number of different foreign substances. Lymphocytes originate from stem cells in the bone marrow, and they travel and multiply in response to the appropriate stimulation. I just heard a doctor on CNN yesterday talking about how his lymphocyte levels were low, and that was a good indicator that he had coronavirus. So if you've heard of the term T cells and B cells, these are referring to the different types of lymphocytes, both T cells and B cells recognize and help eliminate foreign molecules, but they do so in different ways. Lymphocytes are distinguished from other cells by their capacity to recognize foreign molecules by means of receptor molecules. A receptor molecule is a special protein whose shape is designed to fit foreign molecules. Think of these molecules as a key that fits into a lock. So any foreign material that binds specifically to a receptor molecule is called an antigen. Antigens include molecules found on invading microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, as well as the molecules located on the surface of foreign substances such as pollen, dust, and transplanted tissue. Certain antigens can induce an immune response when they bind to a receptor molecule. So one of the many incredible abilities of the immune system is that it keeps a record of every microbe it's ever defeated. That's pretty cool. So this enables the immune system to recognize and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body again before it can multiply and make you sick. That is awesome. However, some infections like the flu, the common cold, or Or coronaviruses have to be fought many times because so many different viruses and strains of the same type of virus can cause these illnesses and the same symptoms. Especially something like the coronavirus, which has reverse transcriptase RNA, which means that it can replicate itself and mutate into a different strain of virus so that your immune system doesn't recognize it. So what that means is catching a cold or flu from one virus does not give you immunity against the others. Record-keeping is how we acquire immunity through vaccinations. So the immune system is triggered by a small amount of an illness to produce antibodies. This enables the body to quickly launch an immune attack to kill off the virus when it actually has a full exposure. So what we are exposed to dictates our acquired immunity. For example, like, so where we live, vaccinations given to us, or exposure to different environmental conditions all impact our ability to fight off various diseases. If you've ever experienced allergies when visiting someplace for the first time, this is due to the exposure of something your immune system is not already familiar with. The next time you visit, you may not have that same reaction, for which you can thank your acquired immunity. Okay, ladies, so because we're all exposed to different pathogens, we all have unique immune systems in regards to what viruses and bacteria we can handle. This means our immune system varies from person to person. We all have similar innate responses, such as our skin barrier, but our acquired immunity can be vastly different. In fact, recent studies have found that our history and environment, like where and who we live with, are responsible for about 60 to 80% of the differences between individual immune systems, while genetics accounts for the small rest. An overactive immune system, which I deal with all the time in the office with my patients, can result in a number of conditions, including autoimmune disease, and allergies. Allergic diseases can include allergies to foods, medications, stinging insects. We can get anaphylaxis, hay fever, sinus infections, asthma, hives, dermatitis, and eczema. These conditions result when the immune system makes an overly strong response to the allergens. Autoimmune disease includes autoimmune thyroid disease, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, Systemic lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic vasculitis, and the list goes on. When the immune system mounts a response against normal components of your body, autoimmune disease is to blame. So I often work with women trying to calm their immune system down to get their disease into check, to keep it manageable. Oftentimes this goes back to healing the gut. 80% of our immune system is actually in our GI tract, and that's where a lot of our inflammation starts. So if ever in doubt, heal your gut first. That's a whole nother episode that we'll have to get into. So an underactive immune system, also known as immunodeficiency, doesn't function correctly and makes you more vulnerable to get infections. This can be life-threatening in some cases. Immunodeficiency can be inherited through conditions like common variable immunodeficiency, X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, and some complement deficiencies. They can also arise from taking medications. A lot of autoimmune diseases are treated by conventional medicine doctors with immunosuppressants. Immunosuppressants like Plaquenil and Remicade. Those shut down your immune system so that your body quits attacking itself, but because you're shutting down your immune system, it makes you susceptible to infections that you should normally be able to fight off. So those can be dangerous medications to be on. Immunodeficiency can also arise In such diseases like HIV and AIDS, where your immune system gets wiped out. Okay, so now that you have this understanding of the immune system and how it protects us, let's look at ways to strengthen our immune system. So your best defense is to live a healthy lifestyle. Not only will your immune system benefit, but every part of your body, mind, and spirit will function better. So follow these tips. First and foremost, eat a diet with lots of fruits and vegetables. They're full of phytonutrients, vitamins, and minerals. These are all necessary for those chemical reactions to create and support your immune system. Vitamin D and sunshine directly affect your immune system, so get out there and get your sunshine. And if you live in Michigan like I do, you're going to need to supplement with vitamin D. I want to see those levels at least 50 to 70. Vitamin D has actually been used unknowingly to treat infections like tuberculosis before we discovered antibiotics. So tuberculosis patients were put in sanitariums, sanatoriums where treatment included exposure to sunlight, which they thought killed the TB bacteria, but it was actually the vitamin D that was doing it from The sun exposure. That's pretty awesome. Cod liver oil was also used because it's a rich source of vitamin D. So I would say taking cod liver oil definitely helps protect you against infections. Exercise regularly. Huge. Super important. A moderate amount of daily exercise enhances the recirculation of immunoglobulins, anti-inflammatory cytokines, neutrophils, Natural killer cells, cytotoxic T cells, and immature B cells. These all play a critical role in your immune defense activity and your metabolic health. Okay, so if you drink alcohol, you definitely only want to drink in moderation. For us women, that means one drink a day because excessive alcohol reduces the number and function of macrophages, T cells, and B cells. So macrophages are a super important line of defense against disease because they actually go around destroying everything that's not supposed to be in your system, which leads me to my next recommendation: get adequate sleep. This is when your body actually restores and regenerates. So those macrophages I mentioned are immune cells whose jobs are to go around your body and find all the cellular debris, broken DNA, and infected cells and destroy them. So if you're not sleeping, your circadian rhythm will be out of balance and it won't signal those cells to go out and do their jobs. Think of it like your cleaning lady, if you're lucky enough to have one. She only comes when you're sleeping. She cleans your house, takes out the trash when she's done. If you don't go to sleep, she never shows up to do her job. So make sleep a priority. That will boost your immune system. I had to learn that the hard way as an obstetrician. I didn't sleep and I was more prone to being sick. So get your sleep. Also, I hope none of you are struggling with this one, but if you are, now is the time to quit. Don't smoke. Don't vape. Smoking actually suppresses our innate and acquired immune systems. Smoking kills tumor necrosis factor alpha cells, many different types of T cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, and antibodies in our bloodstream that are trying to fight off infection, and destroys antioxidants such as vitamin C. So that's super important. We need vitamin C to destroy the free radicals that go on to cause cancer. We need vitamin C to Tackle those infected cells, and smoking inhibits all of our immune cells from working. So now is the time to quit if you're still doing that. Okay, so here's the most important recommendation of all for a strong defense: actively manage your stress. And I know this is crazy because we are the most stressed out that we've ever been. Like I said, when at the start of this podcast, this quarantine-type situation with social distancing has been very stressful. So now is the time to really focus and implement managing your stress. When we're too stressed physically, emotionally, or mentally, we produce too much cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones actually suppress our immune cell function, and they cause the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased oxidative stress, which all weaken our immune system. More specifically, we see a decrease in lymphocytes, and these are actually the cells needed to fight off the infection COVID-19. The pro-inflammatory cytokines—that's what's responsible for the cytokine storm that is so concerning. So you get this overwhelming cytokine release, which causes respiratory distress and failure, and that's why people end up on ventilators in the ICU. So you definitely don't want to be activating inflammatory cytokines. Okay, so if you're eating well, exercising, doing all those physical right things, but you're not controlling your stress level, It negates all of your efforts and puts you at risk. So keep that cortisol in check. It's huge for your immune system. How are we supposed to do that, you ask? So my favorite ways to reduce stress are deep breathing exercises, meditation, yoga, journaling, exercise, and getting out into nature. These may be difficult to do if you're stuck at home with your kids especially, but I encourage you to use this time to teach your kids How to become resilient little humans themselves. Okay, so first, Cosmic Kids Yoga on YouTube is totally awesome. My kids love yoga now because of Cosmic Kids. It gets them moving, it gets you moving, you're doing it together, you're laughing and having fun. It's a huge immune booster. Another app, 10% Happier, is an app that I have downloaded on all our devices. is our phones and iPads. It has tons of guided meditation apps within it. I use it myself, but my kids actually love using the ones for sleep. It helps calm them down when they're trying to go to bed and helps them listen to their bodies. We've also been writing little stories about our time being stuck home together and the funny things our dogs are doing, and we're just looking for The good in everything. Laughing is so good for your immune system. We've also been taking the dogs for a walk every evening, enjoying the fresh air, seeing nature, seeing spring pop into bloom. The crocuses are coming out, the grass is turning green. All that renewal is so good for your spirit. As well as your immune system. Another thing we've been doing is we've been getting organized. So if you're like me, you're probably taking spring cleaning to a whole new level now that you're stuck in the house. We've been, you know, getting rid of our stuff, donating the things that we don't need anymore, and trying to simplify, trying to downsize a little bit. When you get your stuff in order and your house in order, you get your mind in order. And it's so nice to just clear your mind and get your thoughts organized as well as your stuff. It's— it leaves room for creativity and starting fresh. So I highly recommend you tackle those projects that you have been putting off now that you're stuck at home. These are like the best lessons that we can teach our kids while We're homeschooling them. And if you don't have kids, focus on you and your loved ones that you are taking care of. I see this time as a gift from the universe. I've been asking for more time at home to work on projects, to see my kids, to spend time with my kids, and now I have it, and I need to embrace that and focus on the gifts I have been given. I'm trying not to worry about the fact that I can only see a few patients through telemedicine, that I'm going to be making less money, that I might have difficulty paying my bills, but I have faith that the universe will provide and everything balances out, and we just need to focus on the gifts that we've been given. The best way to focus on the gifts you've been given and staying positive is to start your day off with great intentions. Every morning, I want you to get up 20 minutes earlier than you have been, and if you have children at home with you, make sure you're getting up before them so that you have time for personal growth and resilience training. So when you first wake up, Take 5 deep breaths. Fill your chest and belly, rise with air for 3 seconds, and then exhale just as long. And then increase the time with each breath. So the next time, do 4 seconds in and then out, and then do 5 seconds in and then out. Do that until you feel a sense of awakening. Then get up and go to the bathroom and do what you normally would do. Then drink a glass of warm water with the teaspoon of apple cider vinegar. Next, I would recommend doing a nice awakening morning yoga, like 10 Minutes with Adriene on YouTube. She's pretty awesome. She has all types of beginner yoga and different morning yoga routines. It gets your blood flowing and your lymphatic system moving and draining. So the lymphatic system is where your immune cells dumped all their trash during the night. Now you need to help finish the job when you wake up by getting your lymphatics moving and your blood pumping. That will really boost up your immune system. I also recommend using lavender essential oil in a diffuser in your house to keep your parasympathetics engaged as you go throughout your day. That helps a ton. Or another way is to take an Epsom salt bath with lavender oil at the end of your day to calm yourself back down. But if you do these things in the morning before your kids get up, before you get on and start doing your work or whatever you are doing, it's going to help you conquer your day. You're going to kick ass. You're going to do so much better. You're not going to feel overwhelmed. As easily. But if you do get overwhelmed, I want you to take 5 or 10 minutes to sit with your breath again. You can do meditation with a guided app like 10% Happier, like I mentioned, or you can just do this: focus on your breathing. Close your eyes, sit in a nice calm position, and focus on your breathing. When your mind wanders, focus again. Begin again. Don't worry about doing it wrong. That's the practice— realizing your mind has wandered and you're thinking about something else, and then you bring it back to your breathing. It's a mental workout for your brain. It increases your ability to focus and concentrate. It's actually an amazing game changer for us multitasking women, so I would encourage you to try it for sure. So there you go. Now you know how to boost your immune system. While we can't say for sure that any certain thing will protect you from getting COVID-19 or any other virus, we do know how to minimize the effects of this situation. Stress reduction, eating clean plant-based food, getting regular physical activity, connecting with nature, making sleep a priority, and practicing good hygiene, of course, is your best bet at getting through this. with joy and creating resilience. So stay positive and know that you got this. Let's all make the most of this and come out better as individuals and as a community. Let's foster compassion, hope, and get back to living a more balanced, healthy lifestyle. Who's with me? If you're enjoying the Functional Gynecologist Podcast, I really encourage you to hit the subscribe button, share it with everyone you know, And maybe even leave me a 5-star review. That helps guarantee that I can keep bringing you this important information and keep supporting you women. So let me know what topics you want me to cover. Send me your questions. I would love to shout you out on my Question of the Week episodes that air every Friday. Okay ladies, go out there, find new ways to connect without actually touching anybody anymore, right? And have a kick-ass week. I will talk to you soon. You're all amazing. Bye!