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In this Class Disrupted episode, host Michael Horn and co‑host Diane Tavenner interview Rebecca Winthrop, senior fellow and director of the Center for Universal Education at Brookings and co‑author of The Disengaged Teen. Winthrop explains why a pre‑mortem—imagining worst‑case scenarios before a technology is deployed—is essential for AI in education. She outlines three primary risks: (1) off‑loading critical cognitive tasks to AI without knowing what developmental work children must do on their own; (2) manipulation of learners through persuasive AI; and (3) erosion of socialization and interpersonal skills. The conversation moves to how AI could reshape the purpose of schooling, shifting from an "age of achievement"—focused on content acquisition and standardized testing—to an "age of agency" where students have ownership, choice, and problem‑solving agency. Winthrop stresses the need for adult‑mediated AI use, clear distinctions between teacher‑focused AI tools and student‑direct AI tools, and the importance of preserving teacher expertise while leveraging AI to free educators for deeper, problem‑based learning. She describes the Brookings Global Task Force on AI in Education, its interdisciplinary methodology (learning scientists, neuroscientists, child‑development experts, etc.), and its systematic risk‑identification process modeled on cybersecurity pre‑mortems. While concrete mitigation strategies are still emerging, the task force is gathering focus‑group data, mapping risks, and exploring system‑level levers such as redefining assessment, resource allocation, and, most critically, the shared vision of education. The episode ends with reflections on personal reading, the broader cultural shift needed, and a hopeful yet cautious outlook on AI’s role in fostering an age of agency.

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