A review of 201 studies found that three to four cups of coffee daily cut all-cause mortality by 17%, cardiovascular death by 19%, and type-2 diabetes risk by 30-40%. The associations don't prove coffee causes these benefits, but the consistency across studies is striking.
Coffee isn't just a morning pick-me-up anymore, it might be a microbiome wake-up call too. Another landmark umbrella review of 201 observational studies, and some randomized controlled trials as well, found that coffee intake was associated with 17% reduced risk of all-cause mortality, 19% reduced risk cardiovascular disease-related death, 15% reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, 18% lower risk of developing cancer, 30% 40% reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and 36% reduced risk of Parkinson's disease. Pretty impressive. This umbrella review alone, it can't claim causation, but the consistency of the results and really impressive effect sizes across the board are encouraging. Oh, and the biggest effects, the most positive health benefits, were seen at 3 to 4 cups of coffee per day.
