HOW WE PLAN OUR GRAZING 80 min special on filling in a holistic planned grazing chart...

Okay, welcome back to another episode, folks. You can hear the cows and sheep behind me. Today's video is a little bit different. It's an hour and 20 minutes long. And what we're doing is just explaining to the crew a bit about how to fill in a grazing plan, how grass is working in a very simple way, just to get familiar with the process and make a plan for the year. Because we have not actually been on a grazing plan yet so far. And the animals are coming off. We're on the neighbor's land right now. They're coming back to our farm tomorrow on a big move. And we're leaving these fields for cutting for haylage in about 5, 6 weeks time. So things are getting organized at the farm and we've been through the process of filling in a holistic plan grazing chart and the considerations that go into that. And so I hope you find some benefit in that. It's a long video, but there's lots of information in there that I hope a lot of you will find very useful if you are interested in plant grazing yourselves. So enjoy.

Let's first think about grass and there's a few key points to make. So the whole point of this grazing plan is to get animals in the right place at the right time for the right reasons, you could say, and that's down to your context, there's no right thing. You might be trying to protect wildflowers, you might be managing to keep a diverse habitat that supports a rare nesting ground bird. You might be trying to maximize the amount of forage per area, or, you know, you'd have different reasons for what you're managing towards. And one of the key outcomes is about overgrazing. So I just want to explain what that means and how a grass plant works, because that's why we're making a plan. So we never overgraze a single grass plant. So overgrazing is simply about time, time in one place and time until you return. And that has to do with the recovery period for grasses, which is different in every place. So we're working to the recovery we've seen on our field here. It would be different numbers. When we get to the number bit, it'll be different in Belgium or even an hour south from here. So that's things you have to see, you know, for yourself, by spending a year observing. Now, what does this mean? Well, like say we have a grass plant, and grass plants are quite different from all other plants on earth in that their meristems, the new growth is coming from here, whereas all like think of an apple tree, the new growth is at the end of the branch, right? So that tells you, with childlike logic, that the grass plant has evolved to be eaten. So grass is evolved with herbivores and masses of them, just like fungi. 90% of the grass is actually its root mass, not the aerial part of the plant. And like most things in this universe, life is a mirror. So if you have a stunted grass that can't grow above ground, it's usually heavily compacted and not expressing its physiology underground. So if you go up the road to the neighbour's field at the top of the hill, that's what our grass looked like when we moved here. And it's stunted. You'll see all the same species you see in our fields, but it will never grow beyond that. It'll go to flower and that's it. It's now in a different state of growth. So grass grows in an S shaped curve, a sigmoid curve, where it goes at the start of the year it starts stem elongation and then the nodes start elongating and then it goes into flowering and it stops its vegetative growth at that point. So all grasses are aiming to go to seed by mid summer. So that's the sole desire of a grass plant. It wants to get to seed by midsummer and then it's done with new growth, it's putting all its energy into seed, etc. So what you'll see up the road is they will get stunted about this tall and then yellow off for the rest of the year, whereas we'll have the same species growing up to like a meter meter 50 tall. And it's just that they can express themselves down, so they can therefore express themselves up. So you can see what's happening under the ground by what's happening over the ground. So let's say we came through and we grazed this top bit away. Let's go back one step. So all plants are releasing short chain carbon into the soil, polysaccharides, sugars from photosynthesis to feed soil web, and that's in exchange putting nutrient back in the plant. So that's short chain carbon, really mobile in the soil cycle. But what happens when you come along and graze that off is that some of the annual roots will die back to balance the hydrological cycle of the plant. And that's long chain carbon, which is very stable and can be in the soil for thousands of years. And so that's what's happened over most of the world's. Surface. Where we've taken animals off the landscape is we created deserts. And all that carbon that could have been nine metres deep from perennial bunch grasses is now up in the atmosphere. And so our job is to never overgraze, to keep building this resource rather than keep using it up, which is what nearly every farmer in every field you've seen is doing. Because what happens when I graze this off, that plant goes into a state of stunted sort of behavior. For three days. It's just like someone bit its head off and now it's just sitting there, like. So that tells you the first rule of grazing is that you cannot stay longer than three days in one place with any animal of any kind. Like, if you stay more than three days, you're over grazing. And Joel Salatin puts this in a good way, because what's happened now, it's been grazed is these little solar panels see the sun, they can start growing. So after three days, they'll start growing and they'll start putting sugar back into the root system. But overgrazing is coming back and eating this again before it's put as much sugar as was, as much energy as was used up in what was consumed in the last grazing. So what happens in most fields is you have a field with 10 cows and they just walk around eating and there's no movement other than their own movement back to fresh shoots. So this would be like what Joel Salatin calls like teenager grass. Or it's like a better way would be like ice cream grass, right? And then once the plant has gone into this, like, woody state where it's not growing new growth and it's yellowing off and it's just focused on seed. He calls that like liver and tripe. And you think of it like it's a good analogy because if you give Ragnar, like, here's a pot of candy and here's a pot of, like, you know, baked livers, he's always going to go for candy, right? And that's exactly what the cows will do. And they will come back and judiciously nibble all these new growth straight away, because it's super soft, super sweet, super tender. But what that means is that plant is now exhausting its root supply and you will basically turn it back to 10, 15 centimeter rooted nothingness that can't express its physiology. So all of those grasses in the field can grow a meter and a half, two meters tall if the ground supports the under, like the root growth. And so that's where the rest Period is like, so you need to leave this to grow back, at least to the point it was before, before you come again. So that's the second bit of time. But it's complex because the grass is growing at different speeds throughout the year. So it's not a fixed thing, but that's like a basic idea. And so to take on this idea, like you could say if most of the animals you've ever seen on farms, they're just given a fixed field and they're left to go around and around eating the ice cream grass. Basically, if you go and dig those grasses up, the roots will be very shallow and they can't express themselves aerially. It's also bad for the hygiene of an animal. And you're not capturing carbon, which is the only way or. And the quickest way to build soil on a farm is ruminants turning grass to me. So what you could do hypothetically is put a fence up here and now. You could leave this half for 180 days to recover. And in 180 days it'll be up to your shoulders. But likewise, you could put another fence in here and now each fence patch would get 270 days recovery. See what I mean? So what we're doing by breaking up the field is allowing each individual bit to have much longer to recover. And likewise, you could put even more breaks in. So that's what we're doing with our daily moves, is breaking up this big land unit into lots of small units. That then increases the recovery time everywhere. So that's what this whole planning sheet is about, is a mathematical formula to make sure you never come back somewhere before it's ready. And you never stay somewhere more than three days. And we're moving every day, so that's easy. That recovery time in our case varies. 20 to 45 days. Like at the quickest time of growth now, you could cut that and 20 days it'll be back up. And then slower times of year, it'll be down to like 45 days. Our growth typically starts. We say 1st of May, that varies, but we can put it in there. And we typically say end of October is dormancy. So that means when you get there, if you graze the field, there's nothing coming back until next year. But you get this idea of like you can manage the rest period by breaking things up into other pieces. And our job is making sure each grass plant is putting back the energy that it was consumed before. So one simple way to look at that is making sure if it had three leaves before then you make sure it has at least three leaves. Again, a really safe way is when it has four true leaves and the lower one is going yellow at the end. So then you know it's recovered and it's totally safe to graze. Most grazers have always been taught at agricultural university to keep the grass at this point in vegetative growth. But what you find if you look at tall grasses that are starting to go woody, you have masses, more protein down here because it's near the root and you have masses, more energy up here because it's near the sun. And you can allow an animal to express its physiology and eat the bits that it wants. So there's amazing, you can get really into technical grazing. We're just looking at a very simple way to get started when you don't know anything about how many animals your land could support or you haven't even worked out your recovery days because you've only just moved to somewhere or whatever, you know. So you can do this with no knowledge. And each year your knowledge will get better, like garden plan. You put a plan down, you follow it, you make notes and you next year you make a better plan straight away. And in that way, yeah, this is what everyone was taught. But it doesn't allow a, the grass plant to express its physiology and it doesn't allow the animal to express its physiology, which is the cow knows what it wants to eat much better than you do because its life depends on it. You will see things like cows coming through fields eating things that apparently they don't eat, like thistles because they're full of protein. Or you'll find them grazing a weed that a farmer would try and eradicate just to allow light through to the grass underneath. And they'll come back a few hours later. And the brix, the sugar reading in that grass has gone up, you know, 80%. So of course they know what they want to eat. So our job is to let things express their physiology as fully as we can. And this is the basis of how grasses evolved. Like packs of herbivores, millions and millions of them, moved around by predators such as hyenas, wolves, whatever. And so they were constantly moving. And so that allows a, all of this material to be turned back into manure and urine and covered on the ground very evenly because the animals are in a small, tight herd. But then they're not coming back for a long time. And if you look at ecology, that's the basis of all ecosystem management is this patchy, intermittent disturbance. So like imagine if there's 100 million bison here. They're going to snort through and totally trash the place, place. But they're going to cover it totally with manure and they're not coming back for the next year or whatever. And that's the same principle in the forest you see here in Sweden. The wild boar come through the forest, totally snuffle it over and trash it. But then they don't come back. And that causes like a flurry of succession of all the anti descendant species that keep the system healthy. So that's a real fundamental insight into how nature governs itself. It's like big patchy intermittent disturbances. And you could see that in your own psychology. Like, you know, it can take like a big event to like snap you out of your patterned way of doing things. And like I need to sort my life out. You know, it can take like a near death accident to like change your eating habits or that sort of thing. And so it's a pattern that is there. So that's a really key thing to get in your head. Like overgrazing is only about time, time in one place and time till you return. And that's like something that's been very misunderstood. Like all the range scientists of the last hundred years have been taking animals off landscapes and creating deserts basically. And they extend over 60% of the world's surface. So it's obviously management that is critical. So what do we want to look at next? Yes, so one thing, we try and do more nowadays rather than graze at this mid growth place, which we have done in the past, we had like 10 cows and 50 sheep on just our farm, not even our neighbor's farm. So at that point we were trying to aim for absolute maximum yield to support the amount of animals we had. But now what we like to do is let grass express its physiology fully. We want big tall grass plants and we're aiming to trample a lot of it on the ground. So we want to leave a little bit standing. Different ages of grass plants standing up, we want to trample like so maybe 10% standing, 40% trampled and 40% eaten and turned back into urine and shit, covering each little patch quite well. And from this grazing perspective this would be seen as wasteful. But what we're doing is putting carbon back into our savings account. This way of grazing over grazing is credit card living. And what we're trying to do is invest in the future. And you'll see if you watched old videos back in that trout two years ago as all of the neighbor's land was going yellow. We had timothy and coxford and orchard grass like up to my shoulders. You couldn't even see the egg mobiles when you opened them. You couldn't even see the door. And the hens would just be tunneling around underneath. And yet everyone's in drought and we're in rampant growth now once we've trampled it and gone through. Of course it's had trouble regrowing because it didn't rain for 120 days. But what we found is that thick layer of mulch on the ground, like this stick. You could pull it apart and there's still active soil life on the surface which you would not see in Kentsville. So it's really good to observe that while you're here. Look at the neighbours land up there because that's what we started with. And it's quite. It's one of those things. You can't see how it's changed unless you followed it through because it's dramatically different than it used to be. But you can also compare it a bit to Kent's because you'll see the same species but very different growth. So, interesting thing. So we want to translate this information into a plan that means we don't ever overgraze. And to do that we're doing a weird plan this year that we've never done before. We're going to work with two sets of numbers and I'll explain what I mean, but this is. It looks very complex but we're taking this. This is how I'd recommend anyone begin before they have information to do it even more scientifically. So we don't know in this planet. It's not paying any attention to the number of animals we have. It's just a mathematical formula to make sure we don't over graze. And that's fine for us because we don't have enough animals. If we were like on the limit of the stocking weight of our land, then we would need to be getting into animal days per hectare, much more technically. So an animal day per hectare is the amount of animals that can be fed for a day on a hectare. And then you can translate animals to each other. So a cow is a standard unit. One and five sheep is the same as one cow and a bull is two cows. So now you can take your flock and start with a universal figure. And obviously those numbers change through the year because you have a lamb or you sell them for meat or whatever. So that makes it easy to calculate and you, you can start building records up of how many animal days per hectare your different fields can support and use that in your next year's plan. But I show people this way because it's like you can move to a place and do this and get started. And it seems like all the numbers we're going to talk about are totally arbitrary, but they are perfect and they always work out. And our grass has been radically improving and we've never overgraced. It's a bit of a funny mathematical thing, but it's. You just have to go with that. So there's an aid memoir that comes with this, that explains how to fill it in. And I'll just summarize it to you now. So you fill in the chart. We're in 2020, it's a growing season, so we know that grass stops growing here. So we only need to plan this bit. If we have stockpile, like in grass that's left to grow up, to use in after dormancy, then obviously we can just graze that as long as we can through the winter. But we don't need to plan that. We need to plan when it's actually growing and recovering still. So you could have a dormant plan as well. But in reality we just finish grazing until we're done and then feed silage. So you start by the months. So we always start May because that's when grass is growing. Put them up here. I've cut off these days because June and September only have 30 days. So. So this is, you know, five days at a time. And then you might put in concerns that affect the hole in vertical lines. So here we have a pvc. So I would put vertical lines here because that's a change in management. It's like, oh, you're going to have two people with you in the morning to show what to do. It doesn't affect our plan, but it changes things to be aware of. Or, ah, we've got an open day. Maybe we want the cows and sheep up in front field because the kids will enjoy seeing them rather than right at the back of Kentsfield, I think, or. Oh, all the farm managers have gone away in this week in August. So we're going to have to consider how to manage that when we're down on people or, you know, whatever. Anything that affects the whole. That could include like in the past that's been okay. We're borrowing a bull in September, so we want to have the bull and the cow in front field so we can watch to see how the bulls doing and if he's bred with the cows. So we would plan to have the cows at that point where we wanted. And in this planning, you can work forwards and backwards to end up where you want to be. Considering all those things, it might be that there are plants in the pasture like we had. Yellow rattle is a plant in top field that's parasitic to grasses, and the way to get rid of it is to cut it before it goes to flower. So then we might judiciously go through top field just in that wheat before it goes to flower. So all kinds of considerations. Anything that's affecting the whole, we want vertically like this. And then you write down the names of your paddocks. So top five, Nutfield. And on this one, I'm calling it K1, K2, K3. So K2 includes that extra little weird bit over the bridge, as it were. We've sometimes put that as k3 and then had k4 is the big field up to their house, but I've just included it as K2. So you write the name of your paddocks, then you write the size down in hectares, and then you estimate the quality against each other. Now, if you had recorded animal days per hectare, you would write the actual animal days per hectare and it would be technically more correct. But say you're just starting up, you don't know. So go and have a look. It's like, is there bare ground? Can you see? Like, there's more forage already in this field and you. You're just making it up. But in reality of the mathematics, it affects things a little bit. But you. You can't mess up by doing it. So I've said top field is. And you start with 10 out of 10. So which is your best field? Top field. Okay. We'll call it 10 front fields. Pretty good. Nut field. Pretty good. K1 to 3, they're not so good as that. Now, you could put six there, it wouldn't make a massive difference. It will affect the timing that we're in fields, but not hugely. So you don't need to freak out about it. It's just a rough, quick estimate. And then we do column two's estimated relative paddock quality, and that's simply 10 by 1.1 hectares. 11, 9 times 0.5, 4 and a half. So you come up with those numbers and then you make an average of all of them. So you add those red ones up, divide it by six. I didn't really get that number. So, size of the paddock in hectares, estimated quality on the scale of 1 to 10, 10 being your best field. And then you multiply those two together. 10 times 1.1 is 11. 9 times 0.5, 4.5. Okay.

Yeah, it's not really the quality is the usefulness, right?

No, it should be the quality of the forage if you're grazing animals. And then you take an average, so you add these red ones up, divide it by the number of paddocks, and that's what that number is. So we just park. That number doesn't mean anything yet. Then you write down your recovery periods. And this is where this is great for people starting. It's like, well, you don't know. You've never been there before. You never even thought about recovery periods, and you don't know how they change throughout the year. So typically now May growth starts going exponential and then it tailors off and starts going slower. So. So you can see the recovery days will change a lot throughout the year. So what you can do with this plan that's really convenient is you can write a range. So we know at the quickest it's about 16 days, but 20, let's round it up to be safe. 20 to 45 days. And what that will give us out the other end is the maximum and minimum you can spend in the field. And then all you need to do is plan how you're going to move around, never exceeding those maximum minimums. And then you know you're not overgrazing, so it's a beautiful thing. Then you write your average grazing period. And so this is 20 divided by the number of paddocks minus one, because it's assuming you're already in a paddock. So it's this number divided by the rest of the paddocks. Yeah. So 20 divided by six, minus one. 20 divided by five is four. 45 divided by five. Nine. Yep. Divided by five because it's five. We have six paddocks, but we're already grazing in one of them. So there's five other paddocks. Okay. Yeah. So you take your recovery period and if you don't know, and your neighbour probably doesn't know because they probably never asked that question themselves because they're probably over grazing. So. So you have to just, you know, you could chop a bit and fence it off and just watch it through the year. You know, we did that the first year. We would cut every two weeks and just measure that time and it's, you know, that will give you a very good idea. Forget these red numbers for now. That's the second set of numbers we're using 20. 20 minus 5. No, 20 divided by 6 minus 1, which is 5. So 20 divided by 5 is 4. 45, 9. So now we're ready to calculate this bit. So what, this is the operative figures, right? Forget the red ones, we're just looking at the blue ones.

That again gives us the days we would like to stay on one field.

No, no, no, no. This is just a random arbitrary seeming number called the average grazing period. So then what we do to work out the minimum time we have to stay in front field ever, we take the estimated relative paddock quality 11, divide it by the average of all. So we can just do it to see. So we take 11 divided by 14.12 equals. Multiplied by 4. No, sorry, I messed that up. This is the right calculation. 11 divided by 14.12 equals. Times by 4 is 3.11. So we'll round that down to 3 days, divide it back by 4. Now we times it by 9, 7. So that gives us the maximum. So at any time this year they can only stay in top field for three to seven days. And as long as they only stay that long, we can't overgrade. So you see, this is creating a mathematical relationship between the whole, because there's all these other paddocks to go through. So you take the red number, the estimated relative paddock quality, divide it by the average of all and times it by the minimum and maximum grazing. Average grazing period. Yeah. So you can see then bigger fields like K1, 2 to 5 days, K2 the big field, 7 to 15 days. However. So that would then create the guide that we make our plan in whatever way fits with our concerns and opportunities. However, we're in a funny position this year because we're saying we're going to cut the grass. So cutting the grass is going to be somewhere before mid July. But we don't know because it's down to when the farmer has time. So let's just suppose it's the 10th of July and this will change. But that doesn't matter. It's like a business plan or a crop plan. There will be unforeseen changes and we'll just have to replan at that point. Yeah, but that's no big deal. At least we have a plan. Cut all the grass to save it for. We're cutting all of K1 to 3. Okay, right. So knowing that it's in July, so we've peaked over the most rampant growth. So I'd say the recovery, to be safe we want to allow 25 days minimum. So let's be safe and say 30. So 10, 20, 30 days would be to this line here. You know, we're going to look at it on the ground and decide. So this would be the recovery period for K1 to 3. So that means from now, basically here. So where are we today? What's the date? 25th. This is the latest we've ever made a plan. So we are currently there and we've got to now plan the rest of our year today. Now, this bit from here to here, we're not actually considering K1 to 3 because we're assuming now we're going to come off Kent's land because we want that land to grow for the next 3, 6, 8. It's like 45 days for that grass to regrow. So we get a nice haylage cut. Yeah. So immediately I think let's bring the animals off Kent's land, let that regrow and then when it's cut, we've got to let it regrow again. So from now till here, let's just say that's when it's recovered. We're not even involving K1 to 3. So therefore, I think we remake these numbers because we're only dealing with our farm right now. So that's what I've done. I've just said, okay, here's the estimated relative paddock quality of top nut and front field. And then if I divide, if I add them up and divide it by three, I get a new number here. And so then I also get a new number here because I'm dividing 20 by the number of paddocks minus one, so two. Yeah. So I get 10 to 22. And then when I recreate these calculations, they're very different. So that means now if we're grazing the cows and sheep in top field, they've got to stay 10 to 24 days in front field. Four to 10 days, Nutfield, 15 to 33 days. Is that in the whole field? Yeah, the whole field. Okay. So that means pretty fast going in front field, for example. No, quite slow compared to the other numbers.

You stayed that many days on the overall field.

So look at this. Say we look at the blue numbers. If we went to nutfield today, we've got to stay maximum 10 days. Now, Nutfield is 1.7 hectares. So that's. This is where it starts to translate into reality. So 17,000 meters squared. A hectare is 10,000 meters squared and we're staying there 10 days. So now every day you've Got to give them 1,700 meters squared. But we're in nutfield where the trees are 10 meters apart. So divide that by 10. That means you have to give them 170 meters by 10 meters in a day. Now that means you need three nets on this side, three nets on this side and another net to make up the ends and that extra bit, or you need to make up, you know, let's say you've got a 10 meter, 50 meter net, so you can go 10 meters 40 along and then you could go another 50 along. So now you're 90 by 10, that's only 900 square meters. So you've got to give them 1, 2, 3, 4 nets and then you've got to set up four more and move them that afternoon. And now you're on the right sort of numbers. Yeah. So this, this will dictate how you have to set up the fences. Now I've started you off down here with the egg mobiles because they're not on a grazing plan. Yeah.

So it's like from the viewpoint of the field, if between this and that, like the blue numbers, that wouldn't be overgrazing the field. And how come like 3 times more stay?

Because we're only dealing with the mathematical equation between these three fields. From the viewpoint, like it's kind of like. So here, let's go back to that sheet of paper. There's a couple of bits to add, so there's a couple of rules of thumb that I want to bring up and then come back to your point. So if growth is fast, you move fast, and if growth is slow, then you move slow. And that's purely about recovery time. So what's happening when we've got K1 to 3, you can see we're moving much faster. That's because we've got to get around and manage all the grass. So if you went slow, then you would have a jungle at the other end. So it's all in relation to the paddocks you're using. Which is why I say we should have just our land up till this point, because we're not dealing with Kent's land. So it just makes the numbers too silly because if we went round top field in three days, then went round front field, then went round nutfield, the grass won't have recovered by the time we get back. Now, obviously if you're moving them fast, they're just going to be taking the tops off the plant. They're not going to graze it down so heavily. So they might be okay, but it doesn't make sense to include Kent's land because we're not actually including it till August.

Yeah, yeah.

And it gives us more flexibility and it still means we're not going to be over grazing. Quick question. Yeah.

You said this one would be the first half of the day and then the other half. Won't we be doing double then?

No, because you had you needed 1700 meters squared. Yeah. So what I'm, what I'm trying to illustrate is like when you move into a new field, when we plot it on here, that's your job as the cow mover is to say, ah, tomorrow I'm moving into front field and I can see I'm going to be there for four days. Okay, so how big is front field? Half a hectare. Okay. So every day I've got to give them 1100 square meters. And if you're using the nets and you know the trees are 12 meters apart in front field, then you can work out how many meters long you need to give them that day. So then you can sort of. And every day that you're in front field it's the same. So it will give you a sense like, ah, I'm going to need two extra nets because I'm going down there tomorrow or whatever.

Nice.

See what I mean? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Let me just carry on a minute because there's another point here. So the basic rule of thumb is if growth is fast, you've got to move fast to keep up with everything. And if growth is slow, you slow down because that increases the recovery time of every other patch on the land. And if you don't know what to do, then you slow down.

Even if you damage the land, you damage a smaller parcel.

Exactly. That's what we chose to do at the start of the year is put them out on the grass. But bale graze them and rather trash one little bit than let them over. Not overgraze, but heavily graze everywhere. Because if you graze right as the grass has just started growing after winter, that's like making you run a marathon and then punching in your stomach like you know it's not going to work out so good. So it's always better to put your attention on the best things and that translates through all life. You know, if you have a team of five and one of you is not good, it's better to put the attention on the best people and eliminate the worst, which is counterintuitive. Sometimes we try and put our energy into the weak a bit. But that's not how ecology functions in any way. It's like a business. If you have 10 products and one of them makes the most money, you leverage the hell out of that one if you're smart. But that's how nature works too. So it's like you want to take your best paddocks and impact them the heaviest, Put the animal impact there because you get the quickest returns. If you try and make something unhealthy better, it's a waste of your resources. So that's a rule that translates across everything in life, it seems. So you always put your resources into your best things because you get the return. So you see, what we're doing is creating this mathematical pattern now that will tell you what you need to do every day. Just like the gardeners have a garden plan, it's like, right, here's what we got to do. And sometimes, oh, there's an error, oh, something changed and you have to replan a bit. But you've got a plan. And you know if you follow that, the animals will always be fine and the grass will be fine too. Now, it's more complicated than our farm because we have eggmobiles that have a fixed size. But when you think about fencing, we're using 100 meters of poultry net for the eggmobile. But each field has different width tree lengths, so the space that they get in a day is very different. So I've written that here, top field has got 17,600 square meters, but the actual grazing area for the eggmobiles is only 11,000 because there's tree lanes and there's slopes that can't go down. But the tree lanes are 9 meters apart, which means if you have two 50 meter fences, it's 9 by 41, which is 370 meters squared a day. So that means two EGMobiles can stay there for 29 days max. And then in front field, same calculation, but it's 12 meters apart. So they actually get 70 odds, 80 square meters more per day. And so they can stay in front field 10 days. And because we're moving one, then the other, it's only one space per day. Used, as it were, in upfield, they've got 10 meters by 40, so 400 and they can stay 42 days. So what we'd like to plot on here is where the eggmobiles are going because they're fixed. So they go from the top of the field to the bottom of the field because of gravity helping us move, and they follow a cycle if they're in nutfield now, they'll go to top field, then they go to front field, and then they keep following that cycle round and round and round. But we should plot that in because it will affect how we decide to graze the animals because it will reduce the amount of forage where the animals, where they have been recently. Same with the boilers. It's like you've seen that thing where the ground is quite rough, where the boilers have been, but then give it a few weeks and boom, it's better than it was before. So you can kind of factor that into how you're moving the animals because there's a loss right after them in the terms of the space you're grazing, but there's a gain back there, so it can neutralize itself.

Two questions. If we have space for that.

Yes, in a second. But this same principle is how you work out how to do your fencing. Right. So this is how we follow the plan. It's like, you look, okay, I've got five days in this field. And so you calculate what your fencing needs to be so that on that right day, you move to the right field. So that's like the job is following that plan through question number one.

If the birds are following the cows or we are not reaping the benefits of that.

No, in reality, that doesn't sync up very well because the hens are on a fixed space and the cows need very different spaces. And especially now we have sheep again, they need quite a lot of space per day. So it just doesn't work out mathematically. Keep up.

Second question.

And it's worth pointing out it's not a huge benefit for the amount because it's cow manure, that it's got the larvae, not the sheep manure. So there's not that many cows to actually feed that much fly larvae. It's that many chickens. You know, it's a nice idea, but it's a very minimal benefit, I would say.

Another thing, if the red numbers here are not equal because of a design.

Flow or it changed, it doesn't matter too much. Like you're gonna go fencing around the corner or to that. Weird. We may as well graze every bit of the field we can. So, you know, it's.

The question is, why did you plant them in different distances?

That's a different question about agroforestry. We can take another time. Yeah, but you can see, like, we've. There's a lot of information there if you're new to it. But, like, we are missing a lot of information, like all this detailed stuff about your herd and your types of animals and the weights of them and all that. And you see, you just don't actually need any of that. Like, it's most typical that most people don't have enough animals on their land, certainly when they're starting out. So you basically, you've got to start somewhere. So this is the way to start. And you will quickly build up a sense of like, I could have double the animals and still not use all the forage or whatever. And as you start, you can start collecting data on the animal days per hectare or whatever. But that gets a bit more complex. So I would leave it at that in that way for now. Obviously this can get a lot more complex, but it doesn't need to to start and it doesn't need to to have good results. And the only issue would be if you had way too many animals and you couldn't actually feed them. So one thing you could start doing is like. Like a good way to start with this also is to like, estimate what a cow will eat in one day. It's like, okay, I take seven meters by seven meters. Will that feed a cow in a day? Okay, I've got nine cows, so let me give them nine of them spaces and put the cows in that and watch them for the day. It's like, have they eaten everything and they're hungry to get to the next bit? Well, then that wasn't enough. And then if they've only eaten half of it, then, you know, they could have less. So actually the amount of space a cow needs is tiny. But it won't like you putting it in that smaller space because it wants to run around too. So the actual space they need for feed is much smaller than the space we give them anyway. But that's another way you can investigate that to get a sense of like, what an animal actually eats. And it's about 4% of their body weight. So if a cow is 400 kilos like ours, then it needs 10 kilos of fodder. So you could also cut and weigh and just see what 10 kilos looks like in a square patch or, you know, there's lots of ways you could get into that. So first thing about you filling this in, I'm not worried about PDCs, open days. Joel Salatin Coming. It's like, we'll go off and see the animals wherever they are. So that's not affecting my thinking. The biggest thing for us is the cutting of the grass and the recovery after that. And I can guarantee these dates will both change because that's the way it is, or a drought might happen again or whatever. So we will have to replan. And what we'll do is just rewrite these numbers here and adjust the plan when we need to and just keep doing that. But I would like to know.

Christian.

We'll write down the hens in orange. No, blue. We are here today in nutfield. How many days are we going to be in nutfield? And one thing to keep your eye on with this plan is look. This is blocks of five. So this would be the 26th. This next square here, that would indicate 26. Yeah, yeah. So we are in the previous one today.

So I have three lanes for one of them and about two and a half for the other one.

So how many days?

Four per lane. And that would be.

10. No.

Yeah, 10 to 12.

Okay, let's say 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, midway. And then we're moving. So where are we going next? And I want to plot the hens now just because they're fixed and once we set their rotation, it will just keep going.

It would be good to get to front field because the top of top field is still recuperating after the chickens.

Yes, good point. So front field, 10 days max. So we'll give them 10 days in front field, and then we're obviously going to top field. So we can have 29 days max. Now we. That grass will be recovered at that point from the broilers, and it will be better than it was. And I imagine we'll do the next lot of broilers in nutfield, I think.

Okay, that's really soon. Also that they go out.

Yeah. So that will factor in. We should write them on here, too. But let's say top field, 29 days. Let's go for a little bit less just in case that gets too hectic. So 15, 25. Let's go with 25. Because once you get down the real bottom of top fields on those slopes, it gets a bit dicey. So don't want to push it too much. So then we're obviously back into. And I'm going to just draw that on so that next year, looking at the plan, we can see they came in earlier. So we're back to Nutfield's maximum 42 days. How long have they been in nutfield now? They came.

They came to 23rd.

Right.

23Rd of April. And that means they've been there for 32 days 31.

Yeah.

And then you're aiming for 12 more, so that's well about 42. A bit more.

Yeah. And they were stationed me at the beginning. Yeah. So 10, 20, 36. Let's say we'll go for 40 days, the second round, and then we'll go back. We're gonna use these same numbers basically over and over. So 10 get us to there. Now it can be front fields very wet because it's clay. Like, top field is silt at the top and clay at the bottom. Nut field is sandy on the hills and clay in the bottoms, and front field is very clayey. But it also gets all the roof water off the barns and stuff, so it gets really wet. So August, typically quite wet, but you never know anymore. So that would be a management concern. Like, if it's too wet in front field, we would just skip that and not take the egg mobiles in because they'll get stuck. So we'll just manage that when we get to it because it's too unpredictable to know. So that means during the Joel course, they would be in front field. That's nice. We'll easily go see what they're up to. Top field will go back to 29. I would say September. Yeah. So we could take 25. That's 27. And then hens tend to come in. If we're keeping the hens over winter, we will tend to get them in. Like, our season ends end of October, but depending on the weather, we would aim to get the birds in by mid October. Usually, like the tomatoes we plug at the beginning of August and come end of September, will have picked everything that's not ripe. And we can put hens in at any point then. So they would go back to nutfield until they go in, basically. So I'll just indicate that with an arrow. So now we know where the hens are and that's fairly fixed. That it might change due to wet weather, but it's fairly regular. Like, the cows and sheep will change more in a way. So then let's put in broilers here.

And here is a bit sketchy. With the 45 days is a bit. What is a bit less.

That's fine, though. Cows and sheep and. Sorry, that's eggmobiles. So this process would look different at different farms, obviously, and it's an introductory way to do it, but it works fine. That's how we do it. But because we got broilers and layers, it's a little bit more layered that you have to think things through. A little bit. Let's put boilers in and say they're on day 14 now and they go out on 20. How many days do they go out? 21. 21.

So that would be. Do we have 31 in this?

Yeah.

So that would be first.

The first of June, boilers come out. So let's put them in nutfield. And how long are they out? So 21 days. We were going to slaughter them in two goes again.

56 to make sure they don't get too big.

It's just before the pdc, isn't it? So it's. It's basically these on my calendar, it's these few days before. So we'll draw it into the PDC and we'll make that decision call when we get there. So there we go. We got boilers now and I think it can be nice to have them in front field, just so they're really close and easy to pick up, but it's more logistical going on all the corners and stuff. So it's nicer in that field because it's just big and open. It works better. And I think it would be nice for you lot to try that pen model. So put them in salad and pens for the first two weeks and then try the net system when they're already moving themselves because it's a lot of time savings and better for the birds and it's good to just see the difference and, you know, compare it to bit. So why are they in mud filled, the boilers? Yep. Because we've had them in top field, so we don't want them again on the same ground.

We don't want grouse there to regenerate, to recover.

We do, but they're in a very small space at a small time. And what we'll do is put them up at the start of nut fill. So look, this is important thing to think about. So look, say here we're coming in on the 15th of June with the chickens. Chickens aren't coming back till end of August. So when. Because we're coming in at the top of the field and then we're coming in at the top of the field. That is the recovery period. So Christian's been there 45 days. So the land at the top of nutfield should be quite well recovered already. Certainly in seven more days it will be. So you're measuring recovery from the start to. To the start again. So it's actually very long here, you see.

So we put them up at the very end.

Yeah.

And go down.

Yeah. So then we just have to Plan cows and sheep. Now I'll do it with a thin line first and then go with the thicker line if we believe ourselves. So let's say tomorrow we're coming back to our land. So where do we want to start? Is there a good reason to start? Start.

Well, Nutfield will be full with the broilers and top.

It won't be full. Bear in mind it's. It's gonna be right. If that's Nutfield, we'll be starting six in a row and coming down the hill in a staggered row like that. So they'll be, you know, they'll be out the way for most of the time and then it might be they scoot across that way at some point. We haven't touched front field. So it could be we go straight into front field.

Good idea.

Would be logical, just simplicity wise. So let's say we come in tomorrow and we'll do this in front field now. So let's go. We're on these red numbers, right?

Yep.

You understand we're on the red numbers? Yep. And so we've got to decide, well grass is moving fast at the moment. So. So we should move fairly fast. So we should take the lower number which is four. So I would say we nip through. But because there are what, seven lanes maybe can't remember five or six.

We have to get five and a half with the last one. Down with the pond.

Yeah.

Wasn't there another map here?

Let's take five days. It would be cool if we found the actual craft correct line. I don't think that's accurate.

I can get your on gps cuz.

Let'S just take a line a day for simplicity.

Cuz it's.

We don't have like this is saying you, you should be between four and ten. Yeah. So four and a half. So let's give them five days and then that makes the fencing really easy. So we'll do five days there. I like to just mark it with a little twiddle so you really see where it's ending and then where does it make sense to go next? Like either we go back up to Nutfield and get in there just before the boilers and shorten the grass for the boilers.

I think that's a good idea.

Or we get behind the eggmobiles where it should be just recovering. But I'm speaking aloud. But it's much better to cut the grass for the boilers.

Even if we get a lot of rain, that would make the grass shorter and the birds won't get so Wet.

And they won't trip over and stuff. So that's a perfect thing. Do you agree?

Yeah.

This is a really nice strategy to always cut the grass in front of the young chicks because they can't step over it.

And then they're also like making friends with manure and we reap their bit of the benefit.

Now we've got up to 33 days minimum. 15. Right. So we've also had the egg mobiles in there. So let's say we want a mid range between there like 20 days or something just to make sure we don't hit it too hard. Now that's another thing to add on here. It's like here's my big grass plants. This S shaped curve comes back in another way. So I've got my little baby grasses at the start of the year. If I graze them right down to the ground, that's not overgrazing, that's heavy grazing. But if I do that with a big plant say and mash that right down to the ground again, it's not overgrazing, it's heavy grazing. Yeah, but it will need exponentially more time to get back to the the same point. That's where this vegetative state has been so often used. It's like if you come through in a high rapid growing grass and just nip the tops off, it'll really quickly get back to where it was sort of thing. But we want this because this is the apex physiological point of the grass and by trampling it and eating a lot of it and leaving some standing, we'll get new growth again through that. But that S shaped curve is important in that the bigger the biomass of the plant, the relatively longer it takes to recover. But what we want to do is just not. I'm trying to just not get confused with heavy grazing and overgrazing. So overgrazing is only a function of time ever. It's got nothing to do with how much grass you eat. That's just heavy grazing. So just trying to make that very clear. But the important point here then I think we'll start drawing them in big because. Sounds like a good plan so far. So what we always try and do with boilers is cut the grass first so they're not falling over and it's maximizing the double yield because now we've got young grass plants in June who have just been covered with manure and urine who've now got covered in boiler shit and they're ready to take that in. So boilers cut the grass for them that's fantastic. So now we're obviously going into Stockfield now. So how's that working out with the hens? Well, they've just come in, so they will have trampled it down, so we've got to jump ahead of them, which means we're going to be on a fairly short go through because the hens have quite a big impact. So we don't want to take it down to nothing or the hens will just scratch it to bare ground. So we take a shorter time there and just go through in 10 days, let's say, just to really make sure, because they're already four days in, so the hens will be in the top couple of lanes. So we've still got most of the field. But the other thing about top field is we've got all that bit down the valley to graze as well, including there's contoured lines of trees on the bank behind the hill there. So it gets a bit funky grazing in there. So I say let's do 10 days on the field surface and a couple down the valley bit. So we'll make it 12 days because we have the extra space that the hens can't actually go down, if you see my thinking. So that's fairly short period and that keeps us safe there. We could even extend that. But let's think we would then go to front field again, which will have had the hands and then it will have had 25 days recovery odds. So that should be okay if we have rain. Yeah, we should do. And it's good growth at that time. So I think we would take a longer time this time and really go through front field trimming it down. Because this is the time of year when everything's really overgrown, so we may as well use that biomass and take them through on the long haul all the way to there and then we're coming back to Nutfield, who are just with the hens too. But the boilers will come through, but they won't have taken up anywhere near the whole field. So the cows can just jump ahead of the hens again. And, well, let's see, where's our days of rest? So they could be in there quite a while. But we're going to have that period here somewhere where we jump into Kent's land too. So. So we've got a gap now of 20, 30 days roughly till we're off our farm suddenly. So we want to actually make sure we graze around our farm. Well, because then it's only the layers to keep the grass down until we come back again. So I'd say we want to go through probably quite well, then a bit slower even to make sure we take it down. The boilers will have taken part of the field down quite well and we'll be having 3, 6, 7, 8, 40 days recovery. So I think we should take like a 20 day sort of length period there and that will clean up what the boilers haven't taken down and still leave enough trampled for the. What are they called, Hens. So that would be 19, 20, and then we don't have many days left. So it's like at that point we could decide whether we want to crash them through the forest paddock for a few days. Because they're near the gate for nutfield, it's easy to get them in and just give them like two days in there to graze that down and keep that turning back into agroforestry. Well, that's not on our grazing plan, but we could just say we're going to do that. So we could say should do it black just so. But we could say forest paddock.

Which one is that exactly?

The one on the. As you go up to the turning circle, you've got that patch on the right where we ran pigs and then cows and sheep. It's nice to get some grassland manure dropped in there and seed, etc. And just graze it again. So we just crash them through there for two days and then we're anticipating another like seven or eight days till we're off our farm. So either we go jumping into front field or top field because, look, we've got a long gap now in top field before the hens come back in. So nearly two months. If we look at front field, it's the same, but front fields a bit damaged because of the mud tracks and stuff. So I'd be tempted to go back into top field and just make sure we clean up. And that leads us to Kent's land. So it just feels logical. We will probably have to change this plan before that point anyway, just for natural, you know, the weather, etc. But let's say we clean up in here before going to K1 and what we might find will happen is I'll just indicate that by writing K1 there. So that's just telling me like, you know, we might vary that a few days depending on when Kent is ready, but because this might shift so much when they cut the grass, we might have to replan this bit fully, you know, but that's no Problem, you know, it might be we just go into front field for a few days and then go to Kent's, but I'm happy leaving it there, you know. So then we would want to go back through Kent's land and our land. But we can now consider if we want to leave anything for stockpile. So August would be the date to stockpile. If we, if we left Kent's land until the end of August, we would then be able to graze through all of that after dormancy. Right. So we could make a decision on. One extreme is leaving all of Kent's land totally and then graze it all through the winter or as far into winter as we can. Or another option at the other end of the spectrum is to include it now with these new numbers and start moving really fast or relatively fast. So that will be big moves. And for that we would want to use the real systems to go through K2 in 15 days. Say you'd want really big paddocks. So we would use the reels, not the nets, to make it much quicker. So we've got to decide what to do now. We could even leave it open and not decide and just make a conscious decision to not decide. Because we know that we can either just graze our own land and it'll all be fine, you can see this cycle will just continue sort of thing, or we can choose to graze all of it for the rest of the year, but we could even just leave it there and say we don't know what we're going to do yet and we will decide to plan the rest of it when we know the grass is being cut.

This seems the most reasonable.

Planet, but it makes sense. The only concern, not a concern, but the only thing with planning the rest of it here, here is that I know it's going to change with this bit, so we'll just have to replan it anyway. And I think you get the idea. By mid August we will have more.

Of an understanding of the weather of the summer and all that.

Yes. And it's not like in theory you have to have your complete plan together to know it's the plan. But I know that we can plan it in either direction, no problem, because I'm fine leaving the plan. If you'd never done it before, you would want to plan all year to know that your plan works as a whole. But I'm just telling you, yes, it can work whichever way we decided to do it, we can make it work. We just follow the numbers. So I think that's a good point to just draw it there because we'll probably find we have to replan this bit anyway by the time that. Because it might be like, oh, I've got to cut grass here. It's like, ah, well, we didn't plan for that. So then we would sit down and re plan. So.

And then the third batch of broilers would be.

If we do a third batch, boilers that would then need to either go in front field or it could go in the bottom of top field or it could go lower down in nutfield if we do.

We're not sure yet.

We're not totally sure yet. Why is it because we're unsure? We're unsure. Don't know. But if we did, we would put them in like front field's just a bit of a pain. It could do with a bit of nutrient deposit. But we've been doing turkeys in there more recently. Keeping turkeys and chickens apart because of the risk of blackhead disease. So turkeys have always been done on Kent's land. Or we've done them in front field and not used the eggmobiles in front field or the boilers. But I'd say we're not sure if we're doing a third batch. And if we did, they would come out. We would pick them up somewhere here. I can't remember the date, but they wouldn't come out to like this bit. It'd be fairly late. And we could replan it with this bit in mind. If it's broader.

It's broader, right?

Yeah.

Like best thing would be to get the bench ready around here.

Get the new. To get them coming out now.

Yeah, to get. Not get them too late in the season. The cold and the weather is gonna reduce the numbers greatly.

Well, do we want to do a third batch?

Yeah, that's a question.

Like why?

Why is it a question or why?

Well, I guess it depends on when we. The latest. We can order them anyway.

So you can't. Like if we ordered them now, we wouldn't get them. So probably there. So they wouldn't come out till July. But I would like to have. It would be fun to have them on the ground during the Joel courts because that's obviously a big part of what Joel does. And that would be. It would be enough of a consideration for me. But then you would want to slaughter there. So we could work back like 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. So maybe we order them mid July and aim to slaughter them right here before September because August is often very nice. Months here, it's like summer, you know, it's weird that the clocks are changing now, but often summer is actually here. So you don't want boilers mid September onwards, really on the field. But I think slaughtering there would be good. So let's make a node of. We would want to slaughter batch three, slaughter there. So where's it specifically? So this is eight weeks. So one. Hang on, how many days do we want them outside?

We want them out of the 36.

36 minimum. So 10, 20, 36. So we would need them in the Buddha there. I can take that back to Johanna and see what we think. Yeah, I would like to understand also ordering them like here, the decision making.

Behind it, like, is there any reason not to do. Seems like it's a significant income from the farming aspect.

Yes. It's whether we want to be selling them over the winter and not feeling totally sure what winter might look like at this point. But I think it would be good to have the income for sure and I think it would be good to have you have a year of freezer time. So, yes, there's just a bit of uncertainty about other things that are a bit further reaching than that. So that definitely affects those things. But I think it's good we mark that 15th of June. I'll put that in my calendar because I think that would be nice. Like, if people are coming for Joel's course, it's really nice to hear him talk about, you know, his observations and stuff like that. Maybe get him in the slaughtery and we can do a chicken for the challenge. Yeah, I can race him. There you go.

Yeah. So let's go through tomorrow, for example.

So tomorrow we're going to front field. So we would need to set up a passageway. Let's say they're over here in K2, K1. We would want to get. Either we just try a big run and run them all over. My concern, like, they're not that attracted to Kent's land. My concern is they'd run off in topfield. So it might be wise when we get to the river bridge to put fencing up the driveway to the road just there. And then we run them down into. Yeah. So have someone at the bottom of Kent's land, someone on the road and run them into front field. And when we get into front field, we walk them up to the top and start top to bottom.

So we should go top to bottom.

Always top to bottom.

Okay. So I can fence off the top today.

You could make up a fence there and that fence would be 1,000 square meters a day.

What do you see again? 1,000.

It's 5,000 square meters. Yeah, five days. So they need a thousand square meters a day. However, in this case, because we've got the tree lanes, it's essentially one whole lane a day. So I would set up a. Maybe you could just move them in two net fences, so you could set up two nets. And you might just have to move them one or two times that day. But it might be quicker than setting up six nets and then setting up the next move of six nets. You know, it can be quicker just to move them. And that's actually a way that you can work with your grazing because you have so that, that thing of impact. How are we doing for time? Because I've got 2:40, I've got to go for interview now. But the animal impact. So we're working with grazing of the actual grass, but we're also working with trampling and the spreading of manure and we're working with impact of hooves on the ground that break down old plant matter and spread it, etc. So it's very different. You could give them one big fence that day, but the impact on the grass is better if you give them a small patch, then another small patch mid morning and then another one after lunch. And also it's all much more complex, right? Like if you look at the sugar in the plant after lunch, it peaks to like 2pm, then goes down again due to respiration. So, for example, by moving your dairy herd after lunch, you can get a kilo more of milk per cow just by moving at that time, not in the morning. So there's layers of complexity that you could add to this and you know, you could spend your life deepening the understanding of it. But I just wanted to say that about animal impact. It's like it's better to. It's even better to do it this way. It's just impractical for the size of the animals, but then you increase the impacts even more. So it's just another thing that we're working with. But I would say work with two fences and just do multiple moves that add up to that. When you get to a bigger field, you might want to say, because look here, we're 20 days in 1700 square meters, so that's 900 square meters. So when we get to Nutfield, 900 square meters a day and you're in 10 meter rows. So 10 by 40 is 400. So basically you could do two nets and do two moves again, and it's a bit less. It's going to be 800 meters squared, not 900. But maybe that's fine because it's just not practical to have a third move that's a little bit bigger, you know, or if you want to geek out, you could just add a third net to the second move that's just not fully open or whatever, you know, like, we want to stick to the plan, but the point is there's a little bit of flex because of these numbers, so it's got to be practical, too. And what we can do later on is maybe get the reels out and try see if the lams will stay in. Certainly as the lambs get bigger, they'll stay in the reel system because right now they can just jump the reel.

Is the quick fence.

No, that's more of a temporary one. It's the same sort of thing, but it's three standalone reels. So you take the orange posts and then you just reel out each reel and it locks into this metal post. But then you can make 500 meters, you know, so you can make much bigger paddock. And these are geared so you can wind them up really fast, get walking speed. Well, if you made it this far.

Well done for watching all the way through and I hope you found that useful. So I'm here at the farm still and we've been doing a lot of interviews so far for the farm, like a hero experience. And I'm not going to get on the road now. I'm going to be doing zoom interviews and I've been finding it really powerful and interesting to speak with people in long form conversation without, you know, obviously it's sad to not be at the farms and share that with you visually, but we're going to be doing a PDF book of all the farms we speak to, where you'll really get to see them visually and hear more of their backstory. But it's been an amazing process so far. I've really enjoyed speaking with people and we get into a range of topics that you just wouldn't if we were looking around the farm. And amazing to hear people's stories. This really was about shining light on the unsung heroes, the people that are out there, just doing amazing stuff that you probably wouldn't hear about otherwise. And so I really wanted the tour to focus on people that you probably haven't heard of before. And I feel like there's so much value in hearing everyone's stories of how they got into it. People with different scales different ideologies, different resource bases. And yeah, I've really enjoyed doing the interview so far, so happening on a daily basis. We're going to launch that project very soon. It's a low cost membership designed to get a network going in Europe, and we'll be doing live questions and answers weekly, as well as putting together this book, all of the long form interviews and mp3 files so you can listen to it as if it was a podcast. And then we'll have a dedicated Facebook group where we can connect and really try and make an active group of regenerative farmers around Europe.

So.

So can't wait to tell you about that very soon. I know a lot of you have been waiting and can't wait to see you in there. So we'll keep you posted as soon as we know when that's launching. See you in another video soon, folks. Bye for now.