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In this video, the presenter explains the 2025 amendment to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines that reshapes how low‑level participants in drug‑trafficking offenses are sentenced. The amendment caps the base offense level at 32 for defendants whose primary role is minor (e.g., courier, errand‑runner, lookout) and caps it at 30 for those who receive a minimal‑role adjustment from the probation office. It also directs judges to presume a mitigating‑role adjustment whenever the defendant’s primary function is low‑level, regardless of the quantity of drugs involved or the culpability relative to co‑defendants. The changes aim to correct the disparity where minor participants received sentences comparable to major traffickers, promoting greater fairness and proportionality. The amendment became effective on November 1, 2025.

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