HVAC techs warn against closing vents or registers. Closing them raises static pressure by about 1 inch of water column, forcing the blower to work harder and straining the system. The impact varies by home, but the consensus is don't do it.
Chapters
Do not close your vents or registers in one part of the house to redirect cool or warm air to another part of the house. Just about any HVAC technician you talk to is going to tell you exactly that. Never ever close the vents off in your house.
All right, so a friend sent this to me, uh, this past weekend, and gentleman goes on to state how, um, mainly it's a static pressure issue I think he measured his static pressure and it goes up like maybe 1 inch of water column when he closes all the vents. Yes, that pressure is a factor in not closing your vents. That's true, because you're causing more air to go back to the blower and this working harder to push it out. But mainly, that is one factor depending on your home. Now, in his home, it wasn't that big of an issue.