Three academics propose ways to end gerrymandering: Samuel L. P. Leroy's interstate compacts that make partisan maps pointless, Steven J. Brams's approval voting system that cuts wasted votes, and Lloyd Koenig's district-free apportion voting that makes gerrymandering impossible.
An example of a work that is a proponent of state-level change, however, is Mutually Assured Democracy: Cooperating Under the Compact Clause to Combat Partisan Gerrymandering by Samuel L. P. Leroy. In this paper, he advocates for mutual cooperation between states to collectively de-gerrymander the country through interstate compacts. As he argues that it would break the pressures that incentivize state governments to gerrymander to maximize party potential in their states. Meanwhile, papers that focus on implementing different electoral systems typically disagree on what would be the quote-unquote best, but they typically argue that their system is the most efficient in that it wastes the least amount of votes cast. In the excess method, a multi-winner approval voting procedure to allocate waste votes by Steven J. Brams, Marcus Brill, and Anne-Marie George, they propose a type of approval voting that would minimize the amount of votes wasted by moving the excess votes of the winning candidate to other candidates that are also approved by their voters. In apportion voting by Lloyd Koenig, he designs an electoral system that is both proportional and allows people to cast multiple votes by combining aspects of ranked choice voting as seen in the first picture and cumulative voting as seen in the second. These both allow the elimination of districts, making gerrymandering hard to impossible.
