Systems thinking requires math: stocks, flows, probability distributions. The popular 5 Whys technique, often credited to Toyota, is superficial compared to actual quantitative modeling. Most people calling themselves systems thinkers are just asking why five times.
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My take on systems thinking is having a mathematical background to be able to describe the system in mathematical terms, to actually map it out in terms of stocks and flows and different probability. Is this bimodal or is this normally distributed? And just being able to understand, to be able to mathematically communicate how a system works. Because otherwise, I think it's this famous method, it's a very MBA-ish type bullshit thing, but ironically it kind of works. I think it came out of Toyota or something. Like the 5 Whys. And you're like, oh, what's the 5 Whys? Must be this super amazing systems thinking method. It's apparently just asking why 5 times. And then you get to the bottom of things. That's how the majority of people, when they say systems thinking, I think they're basically just saying, I asked why 5 times and I got to the first principle.