Database replication keeps identical copies on separate servers for backup if one fails. Sharding splits data into independent partitions across servers to handle more traffic. Replication is about availability, sharding about scalability.
agar interview mein aap se ye puch ja jaye ki replication or sharding me kya difference hota hai toh history ke se jab aap the, sir, replication ka matlab hota hai same database ki multiple copies alag alag servers par rakna. Isse agar ek server fail ho jaye toh dusra server data serve kar sakta hai. Sharding me hum database ko copy nahi karte hain, hum usse multiple parts me divide karte hain aur har server sirf apna part store karkira karte hai. Single line answer agar maap ko batam hoon toh replication availability pe kaam karta, sharding scalability pe. So replication is basically a process of creating and maintaining multiple copies of same database across different servers to improve the availability and fault tolerance. And sharding is the process of splitting the database into smaller independent partitions which are distributed across multiple servers to improve the scalability and performance.
