
0:48
Short commentary by Dr. Charles Mok on the interpretation of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) trials (circa 2002–2004). The speaker notes the WHI reported a small absolute increase in breast cancer risk for women on PremPro (about 0.8–1%), no increase in deaths, and a possible increased risk of heart disease. He contrasts that with later/retrospective observations that women on Premarin had lower breast cancer rates and that estrogen begun within 10 years of menopause was associated with roughly 40% fewer heart attacks. The speaker argues that trial framing (who was studied and the question asked) led to widespread stopping of hormone treatments, which may have cost lives.










