Why Stem Cell Therapy Is the Ultimate Anti-Aging Weapon

So if you think of the human body as a building before the smoke comes out, was there a fire? There was fire going on, right? And it was smoldering. And that is the aging process, the whole smoldering process. By the time the fire, the smoke comes out, that's the disease. Then your doctor can diagnose you. But before the disease is showing up, the aging is doing its work. So what we want to do is to prevent the aging process to or at least slow it down. So that's why the inflammation. Aging is so tied in together this word, you know, inflammating. Welcome Back to the Dr. Joy Kong podcast. A lot of you have questions about what stem cell therapy can do when it comes to reducing the rate of aging or slowing down our decline that comes with age. So I actually have given a lecture that delve in detail as to the theory and the evidence behind what stem cell therapy can do. So I hope you enjoy this lecture and that it answers a lot of your questions. So stem cell therapy has been a passion of mine. It hasn't been that long. It's been for the last six years. I, you know, I specialize in psychiatry because I love the brain and then addict addiction medicine and then I, I've always wanted to inc deliberate, holistic approach to medicine. And I can't imagine anything that's more holistic and more integrative than stem cell therapy. Because if you look at stem cells, it's really who we were. We were all one single cell from that one single cell. What is in that single cell that got us to be what we are today. The kind of power that's in that one cell. So never discount a single cell. And what's in that cel. The DNA contains the intelligence that can make us. And it's that intelligence that I'm tapping into when I do stem cell therapy. So this is the first time in human history that we're not using a molecule or a group of molecules, which are herbs or other kind of medications. We're using intelligence, right? We're tapping into DNA. And DNA is the most energy dense substance in the universe. And so when I do stem cell therapy, I consider myself doing energy thera therapy. I mean, infusing energy into people's body. And that kind of intelligence that's in the cells are able to have mechanisms that can get to the areas where you need healing and then produce this vast array of, of, of benefits. And I'll show you what, how they work. So I know this group is all about longevity. And anti aging. So. So the topic I have today is stem cell therapy as an anti aging tool. I'm very excited about this because I am a direct product of this anti aging experiment. Because six years ago, when I found out about stem cell therapy, knowing what it does, I was like, I've got to put in my body. I'm going to do this. I started doing it every three months. In a week, I'm turning 51. If you look at my picture now, comparing to when I was 43, you could literally see the age reversal that something I was looking for. I just wanted to stay healthy and vibrant. I didn't even know I was aging. I thought I was looking great. But now when I was looking, now I look at, you know, Facebook start to remind me, happy anniversaries. Look at you six years ago, and I was like, oh, no, why did I post that? I didn't know. Because when you look at yourself every day, you don't even see that you're aging. So if you got better and then. And then you can compare. So I think the thing is, when people look at themselves, I think people need to realize when you look at yourself in the mirror and you think, oh, gosh, I think I look a little older. I got wrinkles. Just think about the wrinkling on your face is happening everywhere inside of your body. All your organs are wrinkling up. Have reduced regenerative potential. That's something we want to address. This is the first time that we have a lot of tools, but there's something fundamental about stem cells and what it can do for you. Because we are made of cells. That is the driving engine behind regeneration. Because I'll talk about why I should just get started. Let's just talk about how we all seek the optimal. That's why we're here. We don't want to just live forever, but we want to live optimally forever. But what causes our decline? The root cause is, is really the aging process. And so, for example, when you look at osteoarthritis, people think, oh, is it a wear and tear disease? No, it's actually an inflammatory disease, is your body's lagging in its ability to regenerate. Because if you look at us as little kids, you know, 8, 10 years old, were we wearing and tearing our body? We're doing a lot more damage to our bodies than what we're doing now. When we are doing in our 70s, 80s, right. We're not trying wear and tear it. But your body couldn't repair. So One example is when they tried to put a knee construct, right? Artificial piece of cartilage into the knee joint of an osteoarthritic knee. That construct will be eaten away by the joint itself. Because the joint is so inflammatory, it doesn't allow it to stay. It doesn't even allow the continuance of this healthy tissue. It's really because we have reduced capacity for regeneration causing this condition. Also a lot of conditions what causes aging. So we're talking a little bit about the causes of aging. If you look at different mechanisms, I'm sure this group is familiar with all these different mechanisms. Mitochondrial dysfunction, genomic changes and degradation, epigenetic changes, telomere reduction and protein damages, cellular senescence. So everything leads back to, to stem cell exhaustion. Because, okay, so if you, any of these problems or any tissue damage you have, if you have enough stem cells and the stem cells are good, then you're replacing the damaged tissue. You're new again, right? But if you don't have the stem cells to come up and really get you to regenerate, then the damage stays inflammation states and there's degradation. So all these potentials, all these problems can lead to stem cell exhaustion and impaired cellular communication. The health of the stem cells eventually is going to determine the health of this entire organism and how long it's going to live and how well, what I look at is what I consider disease and aging. And really one analogy is a burning building. If you think of the human body as a building, before the smoke comes out, was there a fire? There was fire going on, right? And it was smoldering. And that is the aging process, the whole smoldering process. By the time the fire, the smoke comes out, that's the disease. Then your doctor can diagnose you. But before the disease is showing up, the aging is doing its work. So what we want to do is to prevent aging process or at least slow it down. So that's why the inflammation, aging is so tied in together. Is this word inflammation to show you why inflammation is such a driving force for aging. Some of the important aspects to even think about. So you look at this gentleman. He's probably in his early 60s. He's vibrant, he's boxing every day. But even for him, who's super healthy, his inflammation level is higher than the younger guys in the 40s. It doesn't matter if he wasn't sick or anything. Just by living to that age, his inflammation level is higher. The inflammation markers are elevated. Inflammation has been shown to be the driving force almost of all age related diseases. These elevated levels can predict diseases and disability in the aging population. Then increase. The two of the markers, LL6 and CRP are strongly linked to poor physical performance, decreased muscle strength, cognitive decline and early death. Here's a study that talks about how stem cells can be a strategy to target inflammation that's act as an anti aging method. So in this rat TBI study they infused MSC so mesenchymal stem cells. This is kind of like one of the holy grails that we are using right now. I don't think this end all be all forever, but at this stage in stem cell therapy, mscs is considered the most important cells. So they infuse mscs into these rats with brain injuries and they showed decreased brain inflammatory cell infiltration, decrease microglia type of immune cells and apoptotic cell number. So cells decrease number of cells that go on program cell death. Another study, 172 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 16 lupus patients, they were giving them allogeneic. So that's from another person, from somebody else. MSCs. They infused these MSCs and that helped reestablish the balance in the immune system. So it changes the immune system from very pro inflammatory to a more anti inflammatory state that could be traced by significant decrease in These inflammation markers LS6, TNF Alpha and CRP levels. Another example is in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, very severe disease condition. They were also using allergenic MSCs. These mesenchymal stents decrease CRP levels and decrease disease activity. In Crohn's disease, these people were refractory to all these therapies that are available. They use MSE and that correlated with improved quality of life and improved CRP levels. So you see the going hand in hand between decreased inflammation and decreased disease condition. I talk about this is one reason I'm so passionate is because looking tracing our origin and tracing the source of intelligence, that's who we came from. The reason that we do age or significant part is because we're running out of stem cells. So if you're just looking at us when we were born, everyone in 10,000 cells is an MSC. So these mesenchymal stem cells, I'll talk just a little bit about what they are and but when we reach our teenage years is already 1 in 100,000, so tenfold less and then when we reach our 40s, it becomes 1 in 400,000. In our 80s, 1 in 2 million. So you're literally running out of These engines that's helping you to regenerate. This is graph of the drastic decline as we age. Even though you're just reaching teenage years, but your body has dramatically less regenerative capabilities. These are mics. What they are is that these cells are everywhere along your blood vessels. Anywhere you have blood supply, which is everywhere. You will have these cells that are huddling around the blood vessels. You're looking at them, I think of them like GE and you know, they're just, they're hugging the blood vessels. So what they're doing, you see all those tentacles, all these feet, they are sensing what's going on in the blood. So they're able to sense if there's inflammation going on somewhere. Is the immune system trying to send signals, hormones? They're trying to figure out having the pulse on your systemic condition. But they also have all these, you know, this, you know, I guess tentacles. They can also sense what's going on in the neighborhood. They have communication with neighboring cells, with neighboring stem cells. They can talk to local stem cells if needed. They can tell the local stem cells, hey, you need to divide, you need to make me new tissue. They don't themselves rarely to become new tissue. This is why it's fundamental difference in the stem cell therapy that we're not relying on these cells ability to form new cells and new tissue. We're counting their ability to coordinate this regeneration. That's why I call them the master of regeneration, that they're the conductor in the symphony of regeneration. These are just what they look like. The fact that they are so important in the whole signaling of regeneration. This is why the doctor who discovered these cells, Dr. Arnold Kaplan, he wanted to change the name of these cells. He was like stop calling them stem cells. These are a whole different category. He wants to change medicinal signaling cells because we've seen that's how they conduct their work is by monitoring and sending signals. How do they work these MSCs? First of all they're highly anti inflammatory. That's one of the benefits not only supported by a lot of research, but also for me just seeing patients have drastic anti inflammatory effects. Sometimes really fast. Just give you a couple of examp. For example, one time I treated a liver cirrhosis patient and he was in hospice so he didn't have much longer to live. He had huge ascites, swollen. I gave him one injection on his way back to Sacramento. On the drive back, his brother told us, oh my God, my brother's. The swelling in the abdomen has gone down a lot. This is Just on the drive back, within hours. These are the fast anti inflammatory fact. Another patient who had rheumatoid arthritis, wonderful lady surgical technician. And she couldn't work because she couldn't even make a fist. When I was giving her stem cell infusion. In the middle of the infusion, the infusion probably takes about 40, 45 minutes in the middle of the infusion and she did this, she did this and she started crying. She said, I haven't been able to make a fist for two months. And she just started crying. There's another patient that's really interesting. She had Alzheimer's in her 60s. She's very severely, you know, demented and really didn't know even who her husband was. And so she stopped feeding herself for a couple months. So she may be hungry, but she would just sit in front of plate of food and she wouldn't touch a night knife and fork. She just, she couldn't feed herself. And I gave her stem cell treatment the next day. The husband told me later that they put the plate of food in front of her and she picked up a knife and fork and just ate. And her husband was like looking at her like this and she'll be like, you know, what's your problem? And that to me is this quick anti inflammatory action of the cells. Because what I think of her brain is so inflamed and so jammed up that the cell cannot, one cell cannot communicate with another cell. So the signal just doesn't pass through. She may be hungry, but there's absolutely no way to communicate. All of a sudden when you can clear the pathway and you calm the inflammation, the cells are actually able to communicate. So it's just anti inflammatory effect is really wonderful. And then immune modulatory, which is the shifting of immune system from a more inflammatory to anti inflammatory condition state. That's why for autoimmune conditions is so powerful. I've seen, I mean I used to have cat allergies and I was, you know, hacking and coughing at night and, and taking medications and after stem cell treatment, you know, it's, it's been, yeah, it's been six years. I don't need any, any medications. So I've seen, you know, the immune system getting to a more healthy state. The regenerative potential, that's the talking with the local stem cells and telling them to regenerate. So this local effect and the angiogenic benefits is that it does help you to regenerate and grow new blood vessels. Because if we regenerate cells, tissue, if there's no blood supply. It doesn't help you any. You need to supply nutrients and remove waste. So the angiogenic potential is very powerful. Another potential way that these cells work is mitochondria transfer. So we all know about mitochondria decline. What's fascinating is that these stem cells actually can deliver fresh new mitochondria to your cells. Is able to tell that your cell's mitochondria is not doing well and either it can shoot off mitochondria into the space and the mitochondria can enter or put mitochondria in a vesicle and the vesicle will fuse with your own cell that may need the mitochondria or establish this nanotubule. And mitochondria can walk across the tubule. They call these on electron microscopy, can walk across the tubule and, and get to the recipient cell. You're rescuing the mitochondria. The energy level of the cells. It's really powerful. Some people have mitochondria disorders. They've actually shown using stem cells through mitochondria transfer that these people are doing better. Anti fibrotic properties. Very important because when I treating people like the liver cirrhosis patients. So that patient I treated, within two months his liver function became normal, which was shocking because I just gave him one infusion. I did not anticipate that because I told him to come back in a couple of weeks and he didn't come back. I didn't know what happened to him. Then I found out that he was doing fantastic. Sometimes it just had these amazing, amazing results. Liver cirrhosis is a fibrotic disease. Your liver is erosing, it's heartening, losing cells. It's able to break down the scar tissue. And same for copd. I love treating COPD patients because it's so easy. The first, you know, when I give people stem cells through intravenous route, the first place they go to is the lungs. And if you have lung problems and a lot of inflammation going on, a lot of cells are going to stay there and try to fix it for you. So this is another reason that, you know, we need, we may need different waves of cells because if you have a lot of inflammation all over your body, you know, if you have this number of cells and you get into the body to fix that amount of inflammation, that amount of inflammation may end up kill some of the cells because inflammation is toxic to not only your own cells but also to stem cells that's given to you. So, so you may end up fighting the condition. But you're losing some of the cells in the process, right? They are sacrificing the fight for you. So there's only so much, you know, you're only giving so many cells in one infusion and you may need a second wave for further repair then. Anti apoptotic properties. Really interesting. Let's say somebody has a stroke, not only the area that blood is cut off, that becomes dead tissue, that's the stroke center, but the neighboring cells somehow are going on and become dead pretty soon because of this cascade of chemical reactions, this calcium cascade. And these cells ended up end up dying. So they're going on program cell death even though they don't have to. But stem cells can come in rescue. So you can imagine radiation therapy or crush injuries, things of that nature. When neighboring cells may die, the stem cells are able to rescue them. On the other hand, they also have pro apoptotic. So apoptosis is programmed cell death. Right. So pro apoptotic, that means pro death. These happens when you have senescent cells or cancer cells, when the cells are dysfunctional, when they don't belong. These mesenchymal stem cells are able to tell that they shouldn't be there and they will send the signal to trigger them into programmed cell death. Senescent cells is not just not working, not doing anything good for you. They're actively toxic. They secrete things that cause damage to your neighbo when you remove them. That's why people can have such great recovery is because you're removing the dysfunctional cells. And of course the cancer cells. Stem cells have been used in cancer treatment, has been shown good results, but I'll talk a little bit about that later. There's some nuances then. Antimicrobial. These MSCs have been shown to have direct antimicrobial properties. So they can actually secrete antimicrobial peptides and directly kill off microbes. So that's the range, that's a lot of functions, right? So one word about young versus old MSCs. So part of my mission is to find out what's the best source of stem cells for patients. Because there's so many things out there, there's so many claims and people use fat derived, bone marrow derived and umbilical cord derived. So when I came on the scene, I was like all I wanted to know which one works the best? That's what I want to do. Whichever one works the best, that's what I'm going to do. So I went on A mission to find out. And some of this information is accumulated when I was trying to find out what's the research all around the world about the differences between different kinds of stem cells. So I actually have a lecture on YouTube, it's called Are All MSCs Created Equal? Where I went into great depth about these different sources and comparisons, but just the words on young versus old MSC. So all of us here, we're mature adults, our MSCs are a lot older than what's in umbilical cord, the birth tissue. When we're born, does age matter? The fact that these MSCs are in US our entire lifetime makes them very susceptible to accumulation of cellular damages. The longer we live, the more we accumulate these damages that can lead to cell deaths, senescence, loss of regenerative functions or even cancerous changes, neoplastic transformations. But neonatal MSCs. So these are very young birth tissue. So Wharton's generally is a portion, it's a part of the umbilical cord and they're spared of these pro aging factors. So some other evidence when they looked at aged adipose derived msc. So these are fat derived msc. So what they do is that when they extract the fat, it's not that the fat has any mscs, it's the blood vessels that are supplying the fat everywhere. They're getting the MSCs out of there. And so these are significantly compromised when a person is older. So they were looking at, when they use these, they were unable to support repair. So age associated impairment. So when we get older we have less ability for wound healing. They were not able to to improve wound healing any further because they are just, that's all they can do. And when they use bone marrow derived mics, they also show that they have less myogenic potential, so less ability to form muscles and less capable to engraft staying in the donor, I mean in the recipient then developmentally early MSC. So older MSCs have less differentiation potential and less ability to stay where they're transplanted. Bone marrow derived mics also exhibit age related decline in inflammatory response and other type of responses that are important for the mics migration and activation and their capabilities. When you look at genetic material in adipose direct stem cells, they do decline when we age. There's senescence genes that express that the cells are becoming older and senescing and that increases with age in these adipose derived stem cells. Aging also alters capabilities of these cells of adipose derived stem cells to form blood vessels. There's also increased level of reactive oxygen species in bone marrow Derived mics in aging bone marrow derived mics, not only they have increased level of these reactive oxygen species that can cause damages, they're also more sensitive to the reactive oxygen species that's in the environment. So it's double whammy. So they have increased levels and they're more sensitive, they're more prone to damages. Young MSCs from a year 1 to 5 outperformed older MSCs from somebody that's age 50 to 70 in improving cardiac parameters after heart attack. If they try to treat the patient, the younger stem cells will lead to better results, better improvements. Then MSCs from young individuals can undergo neural ectodermal differentiation. That's basically all the neuronal lineage differentiation. But when you use bone marrow stem cells from an elderly patient, they lost that capability. So their ability to form maybe neurons that has been lost when you get older. From another study, adult MSCs are exposed to a lifetime of factors of things we do to our body, including something as benign as NSAIDs, anti inflammatories we take. The NSAIDs can inhibit MSC's capability to form cartilage and bones. We're all exposed to a lot of toxic factors, whether or not we like it. Lifestyle factors also affect msc, something like high fat diet. They showed high fat fed mice have higher. So these cells tend to differentiate more toward fat rather than more toward endothelial. So the inner lining of the blood vessels, so it changes where they want to go and who they can become. When you look at obese patients, their ability to form bones, the osteogenic potential are impaired. So when you look at their mics, the nodules and mineralization they can form is fewer and smaller. And metabolic diseases changes the environment that adipose derived stem cells are in. These cells can lose their capabilities to form vascular network. They've shown that both in a petri dish and in live animals. We all know the obesity rate and how diabetes 8% with diabetes in the country. So all these are factors when we consider using stem cells from our own body. And aging also can lead to decreased bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. So bone marrow have about 0.1 to 0.01% of mesenchymal stem cells. Not that much to begin with, but when you age, you start to lose more. You just have less and less mesenchymal stem cells in your bone. And that could be one of the reasons for osteoporosis, because these mesenchymal stem cells tend to differentiate more into fat cells rather than bone cells. When you transplant young MSCs into the bone marrow of old mice. Not only it rescues the bone loss, but it also delays aging. Even if you do it subcutaneously. Even if you just put it in the skin layers. Inject into skin layers that can also suppress age related degeneration of various organs. My goal is to put the cells somewhere in the body. Because once it's in the body, yes, if you put locally we're treating local problems, More will stay in that area. But some will also always end up somewhere else. Because this is a fluid dynamic system. As long as you put Even for when I do stem cell facial I inject stem cells into the skin layer. The key is to get it in there and then the cells can do its own work. So like they say, you can hear even subcutaneous it can delay some of the degeneration associated with aging. Aging of MSCs is also detrimental to things like your hematopoietic system. So your whole blood forming system and aging compromises therapeutic potential of these MSCs including the cells from not only people who are older, but also when you expand the cells for many generations so you age them when you in the incubator and let them keep dividing. Stem cells in this study showed that stem cells from older donors have defective functions including their impaired capability to proliferate and differentiate when compared to cells from younger individuals. When you look at function of bone marrow derived stem cells isolated from young mice 1 to 2 months old versus old mice 20 to 24 months old. The bone marrow stem cells from old animals have significantly less capability for differentiation. And when you transplant young bone marrow stem cells, it delays the decrease in bone densities. But what's really fascinating is that if you transplant old bone marrow stem cells it can actually accelerate the decline in bone density. So what are some of the evidence of anti aging benefits from stem cell therapy? There are some studies I want to show you which are really interesting. This is general background information. Age does lead to progressive deterioration of the cholinergic and dopaminergic systems that's in both our muscles and our brain. Muscle mass is important. Of course, maintaining brain capacity is important. As we age, the concentration of neurotropins in the brain and muscles decline lead to reduce neurogenesis accelerated muscular atrophy and that can lead to impairment both cognitively and physically. Aging can lead to exhaustion of stem cell population. As we've seen in the statistics, various stem cells can exert neural protective effects and enhance functional recovery by secreting neurotropic factors. Concentration of this T bars is Byproduct of lipid peroxidation, kind of waste product that increases significantly in the brain, muscle, heart, liver and lungs of aging rats. And along with a decreased blood vessel density. So these are just signs of aging and what they did. Well, first of all, they have seen that adipose derived MSCs can increase the concentration of neurotransmitter acetylcholine and also some growth factors, brain derived neurotropic factor and nerve growth factor. And those can improve cognitive and physical function of aging mice. Ad suppose derived mics can also secrete very high concentration of vegf helping with blood formation and extending lifespan. In an ALS mouse model, even these muscle derived progenitor cells can extend health span and lifespan of progeria mice. These are prematurely aging mice. They do this by restoring micro vessels and muscle fibers by secreting different factors. In this experiment, which is very interesting, they started at age 10, which is middle age for mice rats. These rats, they give them either control or amniotic membrane derived mics or adipose derived MSCs. They give these cells intravenously through the vein and the tail once a month throughout the rest of their lives. The stem cell group showed improved cognitive and physical function of these naturally aging rats. Lifespan extended by between 23 to 31% by the time these rats they were 10 months old. By the time they reached 20 months of age. In the control group, only 30% of rats are still alive. But in the ones that got stem cells, there's between 70 to 100% of them. The rats are still alive. There's a big difference. By 23 months all the rats in the control group have died. But between 60, 72% of the stem cell group are still alive. Some of the transplant cells were able to they found them to differentiate even into neurons. So there's a significant differentiation rate, which is fascinating. When they looked at the different factors that we talked about, there's brain neurotropic factors, they were restored to a level higher than when they were in younger rats. Muscular neurotropic factors were also restored back to levels younger than the younger rats. They looked at the blood vessels and their density also have increased comparable to the level of the young rats. Restored angiogenesis, the tissue injury was almost fully restored. The monthly transplantation of these stem cells have markedly increased the rats stamina and cognitive function. We're all talking about vitality cognitively and physically. And then acetylcholine concentration in both the cerebral spinal fluid and the muscles have been restored back to the younger state. The Gene expression, which changes genes start to degrade as we get older. And those changes were also reversed. They were able to measure all these different tangible outcomes. The number of the host stem cells in age rats is a lot less. It's only 28, 27.8% of the younger rats. But when we infuse these new stem cells, they increase the number of these host stem cells to the level that they that's comparable to younger time expression of certain things that suppresses neurogenesis of this particular molecule that has been fully reversed. So then you can restore neurogenesis. Stem cell therapy, in conclusion, can restore cholinergic and dopaminergic nervous system and micro vessels and muscle mass and antioxidative capabilities. Then I want to show you another study which is really interesting because this study started a little later. They started these rats, these are mice at age 15 months. This is human equivalent age of 75. These are much older mice and 50% of their peers have died. That's how they determine the time. They were giving them intravenous bone marrow transplantation from bone marrow cells of the younger mice. They give them also through IV route six times within three months, every two weeks. The mice, that's only three 15 weeks were the donors. The result is that the maximum lifespan of the transplanted mice were increased by over 30%. That has been pretty consistent. This extending of lifespan by 30% has been consistent. The survival time from the begin beginning of the experiment was increased by 3.2% fold. Which means that instead of having one month left, if you got the stem cells, you could have three months left at age 19.3 months. It's funny, but the last mouse of the control group died. Sedentary, almost immobile, hunchbacked, with poor hair. The transplanted mice were active, had even spine and shiny even hair. They're vibrant. It's not just living longer, they're living well. And these observed lifespan definitely was accompanied by the healthy life period. And there's chimerism, which means that one individual have two sets of genetic material. These new cells did stay in the mice and a lot of them did stay. The chimerism was 28%. This is very encouraging for us as humans. This is just a study on humans, is not a big study, but we still need more human studies. This is 20 patients with chronic inflammation. They were just getting one IV infusion of umbilical cord blood derived stem cells for anti aging purposes. Half of them showed improvement in cbc, in their blood count, their chemistry comprehensive panel, their liver function and their cholesterol. And they evaluate the changes for anti aging benefits at 24 hours, two weeks and three months and showed improvement in skin, hair, nail growth, energy level, libido, mood, sleep and pain levels. Just the last study, I'm just going to show a little bit frailty. Frailty is actually a big problem when we age. People get very frail and that's correlated with hospitalization, institutionalization, disability and death. So there's huge percentage. Well, there's 7 to 12% of adults over age 65 fit the definition of frailty. But there's pre frailty which means they fit partial criteria is as large as 35 to 50%. So there's a lot of frailty which associated with comorbidity with all your organ systems and neurological and psychiatric issues. They show that there's strong link between frailty, inflammation and the impaired ability to repair injuries to the fact that there's not enough stem cells. Aging induces a quiescent to senescence switch. You may have stem cells that are quiescent. They're just hibernating. They're not doing anything. They're waiting. Then aging made them switch to senescence. Before they even can get to work, they're already aged, they're old and they're causing problems. They have shown that mics can undergo senescence as we go older, they can become older and become less effective and their capabilities gradually disappear. Intravenously delivered allergies. Genetic MSCs so from somebody else are safe and can produce significant improvement in physical performance as well as inflammation markers. That's the signs, a little bit of examples. And the anti aging protocol that I use is that in my clinic I only use birth tissue derived MSCs and these are minimally manipulated. In the US if you expand the cells, you do any manipulation, then you have to participate in an IND study. This is why so many companies are going overseas. They're in Mexico, Panama, they're doing these expanded cell treatments. It sounds great that they're giving you 100 million, 200 million, 300 million cells. But when they grow cells in multiple generations, there could be deleterious changes. They could decrease in potency and also gain more differentiation because oftentimes when they divide, they don't divide evenly into two stem cells. A lot of times the stem cells in culture they would divide into one stem cell, one daughter cell. The daughter cell is more differentiated and when it's more differentiated then it has more surface receptors that can mark them as Jane or Joan. They have their own characteristics. So your immune Systems can destroy them, but they can also trigger this immune rejection response. And this is probably why I've seen more side effects. When people getting these large dose of stem cells overseas, they often have to divide the doses, but because of the side effects. But even when you divide it, the problem is that you could be priming somebody of these immune rejection, right? So we all know if you sensitize the body, so first infusion, your body just recognize, oh, oh my God, you got give me something foreign. So I'm going to build up these antibodies and then a few days later you give them a second injection. All of a sudden the body's like, I'm ready to fight. So they're getting worse and worse rejection reactions, getting sicker, your body trying to fight it off. And I've seen that using much less doses that's minimally manipulated can achieve just as good, if not better results than what they're doing overseas. But it certainly sounds sexy that I'm giving you 200 million cells right then giving you 10 million. So a lot of people buy into the hype anyhow. So what I do is that generally the product I use, one CC contains 2 million of these MSCs. And I use that for every 60 pounds of body weight. And then I add another CC when somebody's over the age of 65 to 70 because they're more depleted. Then I add more if they have severe health issues. For anti aging treatments, us we do it between every three to six months. Sometimes some people may want to do it every 12 months, but generally these cells will live in your body for about three months. So if I give you some stem cells, their lifespan in your body is about three months and then their effect may last another three months. So that's on average. So that's why we have the protocol of at least every six months when you want to do it for anti aging purposes. So, you know, some of my patients are more aggressive. I do it every three months, some of my patients do it every two months. And I have, you know, someone want to do it every. At these kind of doses, it's going to be pretty hard to overdose. I think it's just a matter of hitting a point of no extra benefit. So you don't really need drastic doses. I prefer smaller doses, multiple treatments. I think that's going to give you waves of regeneration. So that's my talk. May you all live more years with vitality. We just want to live good years. Thank you, thank you, thank you.