Episode 455: Do You Know: Category, Class, & Night Requirements?
26 Oct 2025 · 7 min
Kenny Keller explains core pilot ground topics that commonly trip up students: aircraft category and class distinctions, right-of-way hierarchy, and FAA 'night' definitions for lighting and logging. He stresses examiners frequently test these items, demonstrates specific definitions (civil twilight window; nighttime takeoffs/landings window), and promotes HelicopterGround.com and an AI assistant (askhogs.com) and free Private Pilot 101 PDF.
Chapters
Last video of 30 days of videos and does it today. I wanted to cover a couple of ground topics that no matter who you are, where you come from, almost everybody struggles in these couple areas. Not every single person, but most people. They're showing up for private commercial cfi. I go through these with everybody and I want to start with category in class because my examiner says if you don't understand category in class fully, then you don't understand the right of way rules. So what I use for everybody, and this is these pictures are ingrained in my head because I open it up every time I'm going over ground with someone. But shown right here, this is the Jeppesen private pilot manual. This is what I like. This book has wonderful illustrations. So you have to know the category and you have to know the class. So categories are airplane, rotorcraft, powered lift, glider and lighter than air. All right, so you have to understand those categories and then the class under each. Single engine land, multi engine C. Multi engine, land, single engine C. Those four classes are under airplane, under rotorcraft, gyroplane and helicopter. All right, powered lift is the tilt rotor. Then you've got glider. Again, that's just category and class, I guess because it's glider and then lighter than air is your airship and balloon. So you have to know those private level and above. At least with our examiner, he is big on these. He asks every single time and if you stumble in this area, the outcome of the check ride might not be so good because you have to understand these. And from my notebook, the right away rules. Aircraft in distress, helicopter, Aircraft in emergency makes complete sense. Balloon, glider, airship, airplane, helicopter. So you have to understand those as well. And you could imagine probably most any examiner is going to want you to understand those. Again, you have to understand the right of way rules or you could be at fault for an accident. Next. And I've over the years I've done this video several times. It's been a few years, so I'm going to do it again. And this is coming straight from our private pilot study guide. And I don't care who you are, almost everybody that comes here, I just always grin when we get to this part because I know people are going to struggle with this. Examiners on every single checkride are going to ask you about night. Okay, what is the definition of night? The time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight as published in the Air Almanac converted to local time. Some people get it. Lots of people struggle. Next one. When aircraft, when Must the aircraft lights position lights beyond during the period from sunset to sunrise. Then the next two are kind of tricky for people. When can you log a nighttime flight that is the same as the definition of night? The time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight as published in the Air Almanac, converted to local time. And then we have when can you count your takeoffs and landings as nighttime? Why do they make this different than the others? I don't know. Beginning one hour after sunset and ending one hour before sunrise. So those are the common night questions. And I'm telling you this has been fun out 30 months of doing check rides, 30 different individual checkrides, people coming from all over the country. It's given us a lot of insights, given me a lot of insight on what's happening out there in the training world and what works and where people struggle. And those are two of the big ones that I see. And we could, I'm sure we can find many more. But to just off the top of my head too, that again you expect commercial and see if I just show up and be really sharp on those. And that's not only not always the case. Down below. Helicopterground.com that's our main website@helopterground.com if you don't know who we are, we have private pilot, commercial pilot, instrument pilot, certified flight instructor. We have all those courses, we have multiple videos, we have quizzes throughout the different lessons and then we have FAA written test practice at the end. And that's all available for FAA wings credit for all those courses. The monthly, you can do a 24 hour test flight when you sign up. You won't be billed for 24 hours. So you can go in, take a look at the training, decide if it's right for you. If it is, continue on, be billed monthly, cancel anytime, come back anytime, which we have people do for their different ratings or just unsubscribe. You'll be billed nothing if you do that before the end of the 24 hours. And then there's a 30 day money, money back guarantee on all of our courses. Something else we have, ask hogs.com is my clone. It's Rai. What we've done is taken my 14 years of content, every new video, every new document, everything we do gets loaded pretty much daily into askhogs.com and this thing will talk to you in my voice. You could actually type questions and just do the old type fashion question or click the phone button and have a conversation with my clone. And it will answer your questions anytime, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. And it's really cool. And we had it for quite a while before we finally got smart and thought, hey, we should probably put this inside the courses. So inside each course as you go through the videos, you can go through a video and you have a question about a concept. The AI is right below the video. So you can watch the video, learn the information. You have a question, type into the, into the clone right there and get your answer. So it's really, really kind of cool. And if you don't know about Our Private Pilot 101, this is a resource we put out going on two years ago. We built this for the beginner people who either haven't started or you're actively training working towards your rating. Lots of free information in here. You can buy the physical copy of the book, but more importantly you can get a free copy down below. We'll put a link down below and it will take you to a page where you can just download the PDF for free. Whole ton of good information in there to help you get started. Whether you know nothing or you're already working on the rating and you're looking for some tips. Great, great resource. And it's a free PDF. Make sure to subscribe to the channel, click the bell and we'll see you in the next video. Peace out.
When you feel the pressure to fly, but know the right decision is to stay on the ground, hit the hogs no go and live to fly another day. Helicopter GR round. Com.
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