Real estate passive income requires scaling, not just owning a few units. Start with a 12-plex or 25-unit building, then add 100-200 units yearly until your portfolio is large enough that on-site staff handle operations. At that point, your job becomes managing the team, not the properties.
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Passivity is actually done through scale. Passive income is just a tax designation. It's a lot of work, especially if you're going to start in small single-family or multi-family properties. If you want to scale up, I'm not saying start with 100 units, but start with that 12-plex. Start with the 25-unit building. Only a few successes a year, 1, 2, 3, maybe 4 deals a year, and you move forward substantially. Before you know it, you're adding 100 to 200 units into your portfolio every year. And when you have properties like this where you actually have on-site staff and maintenance, your input becomes less important and you can't run everything yourself, so you have to build a team. But in that team, I have found that managing the team is actually a much more passive event than trying to manage every building.