Analyse des correspondances (cours 1/5) : données et modèle d'indépendance

10 Jul 2017 · 16 min
15:42

The lecture introduces a five‑part video series on correspondence analysis. It begins by describing the type of data used – a contingency table that cross‑classifies n individuals on two qualitative variables (V1 and V2). The speaker explains how such tables are built, illustrated with examples (Phèdre characters vs. words, luxury perfume descriptors, ecological species counts, and a G8‑Nobel‑prizes table). The core concept of correspondence analysis is presented as the study of the deviation between observed data and a model of independence between the two variables. The independence model is defined mathematically (fij = fi · fj) and expressed in several equivalent forms (conditional probabilities equal marginal probabilities). The lecture distinguishes three aspects of the association: significance (tested with chi‑square), intensity (measured by Φ², which compares observed and expected probabilities independent of sample size), and nature (how categories associate). The method for assessing the nature of the association is described through row and column profiles: each row (or column) is turned into a conditional distribution (profile) and compared to the overall marginal profile. The speaker illustrates this with stacked‑bar visualisations for the Italy row and the literature column, showing how to detect over‑ or under‑representation relative to the global distribution. Finally, the lecture previews the geometric representation of these profiles as row and column clouds that will be projected onto low‑dimensional factor planes in the next video.

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