Are Your Supplements OVERHYPED, *Toxic* & Downright DANGEROUS Or Are Pills Just Better Living Through Science? A Debate With Robyn Openshaw & Dr. Jeffrey Bland

My name is Ben Greenfield, and on this episode of The Boundless Life Podcast, you don't want to go eat M&Ms.

A lot of you people would never touch an M&M, but you don't know how processed your protein is, and it's the bars and the powders.

It's billion-dollar industry protein. You may be consuming 100 or more grams a day, so that gives a greater delivery potential for trace contaminants like cadmium that comes out of certain agriculture in Asia.

Welcome to The Boundless Life with me, your host, Ben Greenfield. I'm I'm a personal trainer, exercise physiologist, and nutritionist. And, I'm passionate about helping you discover unparalleled levels of health, fitness, longevity, and beyond. You've probably heard of your vagus nerve and you've probably heard of vagus nerve stimulation. There's a few ways to stimulate your vagus nerve. You can get a giant needle shoved past your carotid bilaterally on either side of your neck. That's called a stellate ganglion nerve block.

That sounds fun.

You can also get surgery to get a vagal nerve stimulator implanted into your neck, which also sounds like a blast. Or you can use gentle non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation by simply holding a device called the TrueVega up on either side of your neck. And that helps your body shift out of fight or flight sympathetic nervous system mode and into a calmer, more balanced state without operations, without needles, and without drugs. It simply uses a mild stimulation for just 2 minutes per day, And it's lightweight and it's travel-friendly, and you'll notice a big uptick in your HRV and your overall ability to be able to manage stress and have a balanced nervous system when you use it. TruVaga is built with award-winning technology that again requires just 2 minutes per day. So you can support your nervous system naturally. Visit truvaga.com/Greenfield. That's truvaga.com/Greenfield and use code GREENFIELD30 to save $30 on any TrueVega device. I've been a fan of LMNT for a while. They just launched this lemonade that is so good. So, LMNT is a zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. You may have seen these big labels before, LMNT, that's LMNT. They just came out with their lemonade salt. It is so good. It's literally like lemonade with none of the sugary fructose guilt. So, LMNT is a researched backed ratio of the electrolytes that you need to avoid imbalances, to perform better, to sleep better. So, whether you're a heavy sweater or a sauna sitter or you want a dynamite no-sugar margarita or mocktail, especially with their lemon-lime flavor, you got to check out LMNT. This new product, lemonade salt, is so good. I've been putting in my morning glass of water. I've been throwing back another in the afternoon. Oh my goodness, even on an airplane. You can make lemonade on an airplane. All you need is water, nothing else. You can try LMNT totally risk-free. If you don't like it, give it away to a salty friend and they'll give you your money back, no questions asked. They have a very low return rate and a very high reorder rate. Get a free sample pack of LMNT's most popular drink mix flavors with any purchase at drinklmnt.com/BenGreenfield. That's drinklmnt.com/BenGreenfield. Find your favorite LMNT flavor or share with a friend. Well, I've been looking forward to this show for a couple of months. It's always interesting trying to get two people on a podcast instead of one, especially when it is a kind of a debate podcast. I'm always careful with that word because I don't want this to turn into, I don't know, some kind of a Piers Morgan people shouting at each other type of show. But, Basically, I read this book. It was written by my friend and former podcast guest, Robyn Openshaw. It's called "Take Daily." And, the subtitle is "How Supplements Hijack Your Health." Now, Robyn has been kind of an icon in the nutrition industry for quite some time. I even led a retreat with her in the Swiss Alps at the Swiss Mountain Retreat. And so, I kind of perked up when I saw this book and it's all about a bunch of warning signs when it comes to supplements. And, I thought, "Gosh, it would be interesting to hear Robyn discuss the ideas in this book with somebody who's also in the supplements industry but perhaps a little bit more on the pro side of supplements." So, I reached out to another former podcast guest of mine, Dr. Jeffrey Bland, And Dr. Jeffrey Bland is known as basically the founder of the functional medicine movement. And beyond that, as he and I have talked about in previous podcasts that we've done, he also has been involved in the supplements industry, including, for example, a fish oil, a few immune-regulating compounds based on Himalayan tartary buckwheat, And so, I would categorize him as a little bit more pro-supplement and Robyn as a little bit more anti-supplement. And, we're going to have a fun chat about that today. So, Robyn and Jeff, welcome to the show.

Thanks. Good to see you guys.

Thank you. I'm looking forward to it as well.

Yeah, absolutely. And, by the way, if you're listening and you want to check out this book or you want to check out the shownotes, go to bengreenfieldlife.com/supplementbook. Supplements debate. That's BenGreenfieldLife.com/supplementsdebate. Okay. So, Robyn, I want to start with you because I think last time we were hanging out years ago, you weren't necessarily against supplements, but you're definitely after reading this book not a fan of them. What changed along the way?

Yeah. So, first of all, let me disqualify that and say it's not that I think that all supplements are bad, I don't know, 97, 98% of them largely due to the supply chains. And since I saw you last, this is actually funny that you bring up our retreat at Swiss Mountain Clinic, Ben, because where I decided I've gotta do the deep dive and I've gotta like write a book about this cuz I'd been researching it for years. In fact, one of my earliest sort of exposés on supplements was the fish oil industry where I'd gone to Expo West and I came across this whole entire aisle, like 30 companies and they were all Chinese and I like stopped and talked to somebody who spoke English and I was like, what is this? What is this? And she said, it's this whole aisle is the chemicals that deodorize and purify the fish oil too, so that you don't have that, that rancid oil burp. And she said it just super matter-of-factly. And I was like, what? So this was literally 15 years ago plus, and many other experiences like that. I'd definitely been questioning, poking around. Doing research. But what happened at Swiss Mountain Clinic, Ben, that you don't— I don't think you know this, but 2 years ago I went and they now have a blood purification, you know, it's called apheresis. They have another one called hemoadsorption therapy that literally is quite mainstream that they use in, you know, emergency rooms or whatever. So they're doing these 2 different blood filtration technologies. I just did the apheresis one. I didn't want the one that, you know, is really hardcore and for mostly cancer patients, poisoning patients. But I did the enuspheresis and the bag of petrochemical-looking garbage that came out of my blood, that you could literally look at it in the light and you could see sort of this rainbow shimmer to it. I was just like, I feel like it's like those mud puddles that you saw as a kid that you're like, there's petrochemicals in here, right? Like somebody spilled some gas somewhere and ended up in this puddle. It was like that. And I was looking at everybody else's, 'cause I take 30 people at a time. To the clinic. And that's what made me go, okay, I have been the biggest supplement eater of all times. Ben, you are too. Okay, I've sat next to you with your duffel bag of all your cool gadgets and pills at conferences, and I'm always like, what's he got in there? But I could beat you probably, probably not you, but almost anyone else for how many supplements I've taken.

And it's the Mary Poppins of pill popping.

Right. And I, and I totally like bought into the narrative. And, and to be very fair to the functional medicine doctors who sell them, including Swiss Mountain Clinic, who I love those folks. I love Jeff. Jeff's been on my podcast. I think we're, we're all there except that I've deviated from the pack due to a lot of research is, you know, they'll probably tell you if you ask them, the functional medicine doctors, people don't want to change their diet. And their lifestyle. They don't want to do the work of being well. They want to— they want a pill. They want something that covers it. And I had just had all these questions in my mind, including how do I take this white pressed pill and get from it what my body makes when sunshine is in contact with my skin? That's really quite a complex eicosanoid hormone. How— just lots of questions like that. And so that was kind of the final straw for me where I saw that the amount of garbage that came out of my blood was including heavy metals, a little bit of heavy metals. And, they sent it into the lab and it was largely pesticide, herbicide, lots of heavy metals. And so, that made me start really getting serious about the research.

Got it. And, we'll get in a little bit into some of the supplement ingredients that you consider to be contributing to that problem. But, before we do, just to get this out of the way, do you take any supplements now at all, Robyn?

I'll take fulvic and humic acid. I think that one of the deficiency stories that's true is minerals. I think that our soils are legitimately deficient in minerals. I just don't want ground-up rocks and chalk and shells.

Okay, got it. And then, Jeff, especially as a physician, what's your general approach to supplement utilization for you and/or for your patients?

Yeah. Whole topic that Robin has opened up is really worth exploration. So I think that she's serving a really useful purpose to, to bring this industry, which is, as we know, $35 billion industry, kind of in a little bit more focus. But I have kind of a little bit maybe more of a sanguine perspective on this. And as it relates to stuff that you get out of plasmapheresis out of your body, I think those— all that crap that she was discussing comes from all sorts of things. The air we breathe, the water we drink, the foods that we eat, we're bathed with this ecosphere of chemicals that we've grown up with in our planet, 50,000 new chemicals being introduced into our environment that we don't really even know the chronic toxicology of them over the— this is just the last decade or so. So I don't want to put this all on the shoulders of vitamin supplements. I think there's many different ways that our body is exposed to toxicological substances. But let's go back specifically to your question, Ben, about how I see dietary supplements. So the concept dietary supplement begs the question, what do you want to supplement? And, you know, why do you need a supplement? And what is it all about? So there's really two reasons I think that one can consider a dietary supplement that it's part of my decision-making about what I put in my body. One is, are you deficient or insufficient of a specific nutrient or nutrients that are necessary for your own specific metabolism to optimize or to support proper biochemical or physiological function. So that's the kind of personalized nutrition question about our individual need. Secondly, the second reason, are there levels of, of intake of specific nutrients that have been demonstrated by solid science in humans, not just cell biological work or animals that demonstrate the ability to improve performance, resilience, resistance beyond that of just normal homeostatic function. So would there be things that you might want to take to optimize or promote improved resilience? So let's talk about number 1 first, which are to fill gaps. And as you probably recognize that the way dietary supplements came about was through post-World War II experience with K-rations that military men and women were fed that were producing nutrient insufficiencies. So that really started the the fortification era of putting specific vitamins into products, food products. And then, that kind of became the nature of the game when people started talking about what happens when you take all the vitamins and minerals out of grains with processing to make white flour and you bleach it. Gee whiz, maybe we ought to put that back in. Even the extent to which people are talking about maybe we need to fortify alcohol beverages because they have removed nutrients and they're high calorie and people are consuming a lot of them and that's producing nutrient imbalance and insufficiency. So that concept of making sure that we're getting the right amount of nutrients to meet our needs is a very important question. And of course, we're not just talking about the prevention of scurvy, beriberi, pellagra, xerostomia, and rickets, that traditional nutritional deficiency. We're talking about promoting, you know, the biochemistry of the body such that we are not going to be suffering from marginal nutritional deficiency disorders. So with that regard, we started off with Centrum and, you know, One A Days and things like this is your health protection program. It's an insurance program. If you take these, you're gonna ensure you're not having these gaps. And there was some reasonable justification for that 'cause when the dietary surveys were done of the United States public, they did identify certain families of nutrients that were commonly insufficient vitamin B12, folic acid, calcium, probably magnesium. And so, there were certain things that people said, "If I have an insurance policy by taking a nutritional multivitamin and multimineral every day, that's going to be a good idea." So, that started down the road. Then, we got to what is really the revolution in dietary supplementation, I think, was Linus Pauling's work, Vitamin C, the Common Cold and Flu. Because in that case, we generalize the concept of taking a vitamin, in that case ascorbic acid, well beyond that which one would take even in a pretty good diet. And we're talking about 1,000 milligrams a day. And to get 1,000 milligrams from food, even if you're juicing citrus, you're gonna be consuming quite a bit of food. So the concept that you could get added benefit by taking a supplemental level, in this case of ascorbic acid, to prevent and/or treat a condition like a viral infection was a new concept that really gained a tremendous amount of popularity because here's a 2-time Nobel Prize winner. He's got a lot of— he's the kind of iconic guy that has these wise opinions about things to do. And so, that kind of gave birth to the generalization of the dietary supplement era going beyond that of just an insurance policy. And then, that birthed, as you know, the chemicalization of, of the diet. Because now people are saying, well, let's pull out all the various stuff that's in the diet and we'll make a chemical derivative of it, and then we'll give it back to a person so they can get large amounts of it, assuming that large amounts are better than small amounts. Uh, this concept of a little is good, a whole lot more will be better— well, that's never been proven correct, quite honestly. And in fact, what we are now seeing, that excessive intake of nutrients has an anti-nutrient effect. It blocks absorption, it has interrupted feedback controls on body's physiology. And so what we actually start to see is when you get beyond that dose-response curve where you're out of the zone of goodness into the zone of badness that you're actually producing dysfunction. And so, I think that this construct now coming back to me personally, what's a wise approach? Well, a wise approach is to start to understand yourself. What are your specific biochemical or nutritional needs? And, you can do that by looking at your own history. Are you susceptible to problems that would be associated with certain kinds of nutrient insufficiency, skin problems, digestive problems, cognitive problems, sleep problems, sore muscles after modest exercise, things that may be indicative of the fact that your body is not working at optimal efficiency, optimal resilience. And then, you start saying, "Okay, where do I plug the gaps? What would I take? Would I take certain nutrients?" And, in my case, yes, there are certain nutrients that I take, but it's not the laundry list. It's not everything, a little is good, a whole lot more is better.

Ben Greenfield: Okay, okay. Yeah, I get your approach and this idea of replenishing. Let's just say that it made sense and there were certain deficiencies that we couldn't get from food that we need to get from supplements. I think one of the main things that you outline in your book as a concern, Robyn, is how these supplements are made, what's in them, and how they might interact with the body in a different way than say, their natural form. And, we could be here for hours talking about every supplement that you talk about in the book, but let's grab a few examples that I think a lot of people are familiar with and a lot of people might already take or are thinking about taking.

How about vitamin C since Jeff brought that one up?

A few months ago, I did a fascinating interview with Dr. Stephanie Van Watson who discovered this brand-new fatty acid, the first essential fatty acid to be discovered more than 90 years called Fatty 15. And they have now done over 100 studies on it, and it supports your cells, it strengthens your cells. It's a key healthy anti-aging nutrient, slowing biological aging at the cellular level. You can find it in dairy, unless you're like me and you don't do so well with dairy, or you can find it in these capsules that are science-backed, award-winning, patented, 100% pure C15, vegan-friendly, free of flavors, allergens, or preservatives. So, Fatty15 repairs age-related damage to cells, protecting them from future breakdown. It activates metabolic pathways in the body that help regulate sleep and cognitive health and other natural repair mechanisms that support your overall health. And it's super easy with these teeny tiny capsules. Just got to take a couple. Fatty15 is offering all my listeners 15% off of this groundbreaking new supplement, this sturdy fat that keeps your cells strong. If you don't want to suck down whole-fat dairy products all day long, I can't, my gut doesn't allow that. C15 is a way to get this stuff mainlined easily via a couple capsules. So, 15% off their 90-day subscription starter kit when you go to fatty15.com/Ben and use code Ben at checkout. That's Fatty, F-A-T-T-Y, 15, 1-5,.com/Ben and use code Ben at checkout. A troche is this thing. How do I describe this? You put it right in your mouth where you'd normally put chew or a nicotine pouch or whatever. That's called a buccal troche, a buccal troche. It kind of gets absorbed to your cheek mucosa. Now, I'm not talking about nicotine or tobacco right now. What I'm talking about is this company called Troscriptions. They make science-backed pharmaceutical-grade physician-designed troches, dissolvable lozenges that you put between your upper cheek and your gum. And these ingredients get infused in that very vascular area, very close to your brain, into your body. This totally bypasses the digestive system, so you get really good onset and higher bioavailability compared to just like swallowing a capsule, which could take like 2 hours to take effect. And they have crazy pharmaceutical-grade quality troches. They've got like methylene blue, cordycepin from cordyceps mushroom, agarin from the fly agaric mushroom, B3 GABA for relaxation, and a lot more. Like, they have their Tro Calm for relaxation, they have their Tro ZZZ for sleep, they have their Tro Immune for immune health, and it also helps with sleep because I've tried it. Blue Canetine for focus and productivity, and then they got one called Just Blue for inflammation and better cellular health and energy. I've interviewed Scott Sher before, more about this on my podcast. You should go listen. It's a mind-blowing episode on how these Trokeys work. But, you should try them. Totally new way to optimize your health. You can give it a try at Troscriptions.com/Ben and use code BEN at checkout. Troscriptions is spelled T-R-O like T-R-O-S-C-R-I-P-T-I-O-N-S, Troscriptions.com/Ben for 10% off your first order. Enter code BEN at checkout. Okay. I was going to start with vitamin D, but you know what? Vitamin C sounds good. Let's hear your thoughts on vitamin C.

I love talking about vitamin D. I've written 5 extensive blog posts about it before I even got to the book. Some, one of which had 4 meta studies on it, like taking on the bone density narrative, taking on the immune function narrative. Like how did we get this many studies that people think support taking this pill and that's somehow compensating for what we think is what is created by the body with exposure to the sun. So let's talk about vitamin C though, cuz it's simpler and it's really easy for me to give a metaphor for it. So from my research, I would say that calling ascorbic acid vitamin C is like calling chaff wheat. And anybody should not take my word for this and just go research it yourself. Now you have research tools at your fingertips, which if anything, they gatekeep for mega-billion-dollar industries like the supplement industry is, which is largely those, those raw materials, massive rivers of supply chains are actually being created by big chem and big manufacturing and big pharma. Like there's a nutraceutical side of the house and most, most of the big pharmaceutical companies. So and people don't realize that. So they see like a word like pyridoxine and then they see like what B vitamin that is. And so they think they're one and the same. I do not agree that ascorbic acid is vitamin C and everybody should just go to You know, what do you like to use? I'm not saying that ChatGPT or Gemini or whatever large language model you use is the end-all be-all. Ask it a lot of different things and, and put this together for yourself, but ask it what range of nutrients and cofactors comprise vitamin C or the vitamin C complex. And you'll find that ascorbic acid, which is actually made from the byproducts of the corn industry. And the vast majority of it comes from like genetically modified like cornstarch or corn syrup. And then they use solvents with it and nobody wants to eat some solvents and some, you know, byproduct of the cornstarch industry. But most of these raw materials, they're not like, they're not taking like 20 pounds of tomatoes and somehow putting it into a 20-cent pill. Ascorbic acid is kind of like the shell of the complex that I don't think science necessarily even fully understands it, but you can see 10 different things.

Ben Greenfield: To clarify, your book says vitamin C in addition to ascorbic acid has bioflavonoids like rutin, hesperidin, and quercetin, tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme, ascorbinogen, which helps with tissue regeneration, k-factor polyphenols, and some other enzyme cofactors. And so what you're saying is ascorbic acid doesn't have that stuff.

Well, yeah, ascorbic acid is just one. And this is actually a great metaphor for what we see really across supplements is that, you know, because I started to ask the, the AIs, so how if they can actually just serve up something that has a couple molecules in common with what's in the body or found in food, How do they get away with selling it, calling it vitamin D or calling it vitamin C? And it'll give you a whole bunch of word salad. And I would challenge everyone to take a look at the word salad you are served up and see if it doesn't say basically because they've done it for a really long time and because nobody stopped them. And then it became a billion-dollar industry. And once something becomes a billion-dollar industry, it would take like an act of God or an act of Congress to walk it back.

Jeff, I know I've seen some people say, well, based on what Robyn brought up, if you're using vitamin C, look for the label that says something like whole foods vitamin C. And then, I've heard other people say there's no difference, it doesn't matter. What's your take on vitamin C?

Well, I agree to disagree on this particular approach that Robyn was talking about. Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is vitamin C and it will prevent scurvy. All by itself. That chemical substance that was discovered from paprika will do the trick. So it's ascorbic acid. It prevents scurvy, ascorbic acid. Now her point, which I think is very well taken, is in nature when you find a food that is high in ascorbic acid, vitamin C, it is also high in other nutrients that work and compound with it that synergize or amplify its effectiveness of which bioflavonoids is one. And that's actually what was discovered originally. It was called Substance P or Vitamin P for these permeability factors that came along with ascorbic acid with whole foods. So I think we have to be very cautious not to exaggerate the situation. Vitamin C is vitamin C as it relates to its chemical structure and what it does in the body. It is a specific cofactor that fits into over 1,400 different chemical reactions in the body to cause them to be more effective. Now, are there things that come along in foods with vitamin C that promote its activity and enhance its, its function? Of course there are. And that's why we would always start with the diet. We don't eat a bunch of vitamin supplements as our major source of nutrients, but it does the job as an antiscorbutic important nutrient as vitamin C. Now coming from corn syrup, a derivative of fructose, It depends on your philosophical question. You can say sago palm, there are many other sources of ascorbic acid, but I think that again gets a little bit moot because corn syrup-derived or fructose-derived vitamin C is still 99.99% ascorbic acid. So, I think it depends on where you want to draw the line in your specificity. Okay.

All right, interesting. And, by the way, towards the end here, I'll certainly give a chance for you guys to give some final closing statements, but I want to kind of sample a few different vitamins here. So, now that you've both had your say on vitamin C, I do want to talk about vitamin D because this one actually, I haven't just seen you write this, Robyn. I think Morley Robbins when I interviewed him, brought up this idea of cholecalciferol versus what you actually find in our body. So, let's talk about vitamin D, what research you were referencing regarding that and your concerns about vitamin D, Robyn.

Alright. So, vitamin D, it's not a vitamin, it's a secosteroid hormone. Yes, Morley Robbins has talked about this for years. Actually, a lot of people do, but it's such a massive industry. I mean, the biggest buyer of cholecalciferol. I won't call it vitamin D unless I use air quotes because, you know, you arrive at what is this supposedly vitamin D by taking a 25D lab test. And practitioners don't know how to take and send in— there's blood freezing and sending and thawing at the right time and measuring a 1-25D lab test. So you're looking at one of them is a storage form of the secosteroid hormone. One of them is the active form. It's really not an accurate test to just take 25D. There is a correlation between higher 25D lab tests and better states of health. And I was always in the optimal and they'd say you're even high optimal and congratulate me. Well, one day on my way out from my annual hormone and, you know, meeting with my nurse practitioner, who's the only, the only practitioner I've been to since my 25-year-old son was born. And she, she said, well, why don't you buy some of my vitamin D and my fish oil on the way out the door? And, you know, I guess I must have just been feeling rich that day because I said, but you just told me that my vitamin D levels were optimal and so are my omegas. And she said, yeah, but it couldn't hurt. And I bought them and I didn't take it regularly, but like the next year from taking it kind of in a spotty way, it was the first and only time in my life I'm turning 59 tomorrow, uh, that I was low, like I was below the optimal. So there is a correlation that when people have a low 25D lab test, they tend to correlate to worse health outcomes and people who've got some stuff piling up. But the stuff that's in the pill has a couple of molecules in common with what the body makes, which again, I don't think is necessarily all that well pinned down by science, but it may be as many as 80 molecules And taking the cholecalciferol, which I will call it, I won't call it vitamin D without using air quotes because that's how people understand it.

And then, by the way, when you say cholecalciferol, you're referring to vitamin D3, which is usually what, what somebody would buy in a supplement.

Yeah, and it's, it's, um, you know, you can make it from like lab-grown algae for the vegans, but most of it comes from the sheep shearing industry. And you'll find this in common if you go and start doing this research, and I highly recommend people go into a large language model and say, what are the chemical processes used to manufacture manufacture fill in the blank, whatever vitamin is, go find out. Like they'll show you the 6, 7, 8 different chemical acid baths, bleaching, deodorizing. I'm the most concerned about the base materials that are used. And in the case of vitamin D, which is cholecalciferol, that, that synthetic product that comes out of that manufacturing process, it's actually comes from sheep's wool. And they wring the, I call it the grease out of it, but it's called lanolin if you wanna put a nicer name on it. And then they derive from that with their, their, the argument is that, you know, the sheep are in the sun, they lick their wool, you get the saliva out of the grease from the sheep's wool. And that's what most of the cholecalciferol is made from. But anyways, it's a big industry and I highly question it. And the only time I ever got a lower 25D lab test, which I just get it every year just for the sake of being able to discuss this and track it and be a student of life. Um, the only time I was ever low is after the year of taking cholecalciferol. And that's what the studies don't show, is if you take that stuff, do you actually have at the end like an optimal level of what is really vitamin D, which would involve another lab test that's a lot harder and more expensive to do.

Okay, got it. And I know there's other factors at play here, like, you know, do you have vitamin K, do you have magnesium, are you absorbing it properly? But, Jeff, what's your take on vitamin D?

Well, again, I don't know if I want to really say I disagree with Robyn. What I want to do is take a different spin on her story. It is absolutely correct that vitamin D comes from lanolin from sheep. That's a natural product. I want to make sure people understand the sheep is not a chemical factory. It is an organism that is producing this sebum that really has this material called vitamin D or cholecalciferol in it. It's similar— excuse me, it is the same, not similar. It's the same in chemical structure as what happens when dehydrocholesterol, which is what's made in the skin upon irradiation with the right wavelengths of near-ultraviolet light. If you're out for some period of time and expose your skin, you're going to be making some of this. The dehydrocholesterol gets converted then through a process that goes through your kidney and liver ultimately into the cholecalciferol, the vitamin D, which then becomes hydroxylated to the 25-hydroxy and then later further hydroxylated to form the bioactive hormonal form, which is 1,25-dihydroxy. And, that's a very complex process. It's controlled by many factors including stress and toxins and other nutrients. So, it's not a single kind of straight line, But I want to take a kind of a different opinion about the source of vitamin D or cholecalciferol in a dietary supplement. Yes, it has been formed from that lanolin through many different processes that purify it and make it a consistent ingredient so you know what you've got in the product is consistent with what you're paying for. But it does do exactly what it does— is supposed to do. What is made in the body. Cholecalciferol is made in the body. It's the same molecule, same form, has the same effect. So if you have a big philosophical problem about sheep's lanolin being converted by industrial processing into the same molecule, then you probably are against vitamin D supplements. If that doesn't bother you that you've got a product that ultimately is the same as that of your body that came from sheep's lanolin through those process, then you're going to be fine. As it relates to taking vitamin D supplements, I think Robyn is right on point that our bodies respond to vitamin D in very different ways depending on our physiology, and it's this relationship between the 25-hydroxy and the 1,25-dihydroxy that's really the biological indicator of how this is working as a hormonal substance in the body, and there are people who can take 25-hydroxy, excuse me, take vitamin D supplements, and it increases then only one part of that concert, that symphony, and doesn't lead to the balance level of the hormones that are required downstream that regulate our function. It actually causes a disruption. And I've seen this in a number of patients. We have measured hundreds of patients, their 1:25 and their 1:25 ratios. And you'll find some people that taking vitamin D supplements produces a disturbance in their ratio that is adverse to their health. But that's not the rule of, of, of most people. That's the exception.

Ever since I had dinner with this super smart cat named Amitay Eshetel at a, at a health event, I knew that I had to get him on my podcast. He blew my mind talking about how he had figured out how to make groundbreaking ingredients transdermally available in skincare products. His company is called Young Goose. He's figured out how to take things like NAD+ precursors, spermidine, senolytics, these super advanced peptides, and incorporate them into a skin line product that makes anti-aging easy right on your bathroom counter like the equivalent of a full wellness spa, and you do it all from your own home. I use their cleanser, their moisturizers, their serum. The full range of products is incredible. And, if you want to experience the same transformative anti-aging power of these young goose products. Nobody else is using the type of stuff that they're doing. It's incredible. You can check them out at younggoose.com, just like it sounds, younggoose.com. Use code BEN10 at the checkout to enjoy 10% discount on your order. If you search for Young Goose on my website too, you should check out the podcast that I recorded with them. I've got two if you want to really delve into the science. But for now, if you just want to try the products, check out younggoose.com. Pretty good discount code, BEN10 at checkout for 10% discount on your order. Okay. So, well, back to what Robyn was saying about plasmapheresis and seeing things in her blood that were kind of indicative of sludge chemicals, et cetera. We talk about the chemicals used for the extraction of vitamin D from the lanolin in sheep's wool. On page 51 of the book, she goes into vitamin B having coal tar, are ammonia, acetone used in its production for choline, ethylene, ammonia, and hydrochloric acid, for vitamin K, coal tar, and hydrogenated soybean oil, nickel, et cetera. Now, I don't know the answer to this question. I don't know if either of you do, but if I were to just go to Walgreens and buy a supplement and test it, is the fact that the chemicals are used to extract or used at some point in the production of those vitamins indicative that those chemicals are still in the vitamin itself when you consume it? Or, are these just used as extractions and kind of like hexane in the production of seed oil, it doesn't actually wind up in the final product?

I would say from a chemist perspective, it depends on where you want to put your threshold. Are you going to put it at part per trillion, part per billion, part per million, part per thousand? You can find, if you have very, very sensitive detection equipment using some of the state-of-the-art kind of mass spectrometry and so forth, you can find trace chemicals, no question, in chemically produced nutritional supplements. But it's at a level that one questions, are you really chasing a false concern? Because it's at the part per billion or less level. So I think this becomes a little bit of a philosophical question as to the dose-response effect of the body because we live in a complex world. If we were to set a standard that we're not going to have eat or be exposed to anything that has no residue of unknown chemicals, I think we would be a very difficult time to live in this world that we live today because of the exposures that we would get across all sorts of things at low level.

It's really funny that you bring this up because this may seem like a tangent. I think it's really important, but I'm being sued for $60 million by a company who puts a— yeah, so like I was in a matter related— regarded to this litigation all day yesterday. And so they have to submit or they did submit. They don't even really have to. Lots of companies don't to the FDA. How many parts per million of 5 different heavy metals used in the manufacturing of this coating on the food? Okay, so there's a film or a coating or edible packaging, as they call it in their FDA filing. And what they're mad about is that I said that palladium, cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury are toxic. Now, that would be their argument. Okay. What Jeff just said there is, well, it's just a little bit. Well, I'm sitting here in this all-day thing with 5 lawyers yesterday, and I'm drinking my green juice. And I said, this little pint of green juice that is My husband and I make celery, cucumbers, a whole lime, and ginger. This literally has— just from me juicing or making green smoothies or being a person who eats big salads, I'm eating like 20 times more of those toxins that only remain in residuals. I agree with that, but I don't think it's right to gaslight people who care about the toxicity and are looking for the high nutrition, super low toxicity foods, even if I have to grow it in my yard, which I'm doing right now. And so, it's the cumulative effect. Your body doesn't eliminate these petrochemicals and metals easily.

Yeah, yeah. And I certainly think anytime you're consuming anything that required process or derivation from an original source using industrialization, that is a risk. And I think it's a fair statement that we are getting exposed to things. And the question is how much and in what amounts. And I think Sometimes it's a little bit difficult to know, but I do agree that it is a concern from a variety of sources. And I think this is something I'm particularly interested in. You brought up the harsh chemical solvents and I believe de-aromatizers or something like that used for fish oil, Robyn. And you have a pretty hefty chapter about fish oil including that it's often sitting on the shelf over 2 years, that there's a 2018 Cochrane review that debunks it, that antioxidants are necessary to mask the rancidity of it, that it can carry ocean-sourced toxins like PCBs, and that there's a lot of exaggerated claims around fish oil. And of course, I think last time I checked, one of Jeff's products is a fish oil. So, Robyn, you first. Can you detail a little bit more about the dark side of fish oil?

I mean, there's several big meta studies, like 5 that I know of. And, you know, if they— there's 1 or 2 of them that reach and say, well, it brings triglycerides down, it may not do anything for stroke, and you may have to take a ton of it to move the needle on some heart disease. So some of those meta studies, including the Cochrane review that you mentioned— and for your listeners who don't know what a meta study is, it looks at many other studies and comes up with what the big picture is for people like us who are like, I can't read all these studies on fish oil. So, yeah, there's deodorizers and purifiers, but also just a basic common sense question, okay? I'm not going to snow you guys with a lot of chemical words and make you feel like I'm smarter than you. I'm just going to say, would you take a salmon fillet out of your freezer to barbecue tonight, leave it on the counter, and then just leave it there and come back in 2 years and throw it on the grill? Would anybody do that? Would you do that, Ben?

My answer is going to be nuanced. I would say if there was a safe stabilizing agent involved, yes, but otherwise, no.

Just on the counter.

Okay, on the counter without anything to protect it. No, I wouldn't do that.

So most people wouldn't do that. In fact, 100% of the people that I've said this to— because I was on a 450-city speaking tour for 6 years— but, uh, most people are just like, no, that's gross. In fact, I don't think you'd be able to stand the smell in your kitchen. But so that's what we need, the deodorizer and purifier chemicals. And we all know that when oils are rancid, they become carcinogenic. And one of those big studies showed higher prostate cancer risk. I want to say very clearly, I believe in everybody's medical freedom and health freedom. If you guys want to take rancid fish oil pills, you should— absolutely should. I personally have decided they're not for me, and I want to educate people about them. But please, by all means, do your own research and go learn this for yourself. What is 2-year-old fish oil? What happens to it? Why do they have to cover it up?

Yeah, I do believe it was actually on one of my podcasts with Jeff when I said taking a bad fish oil is definitely worse for you than not taking fish oil at all. But, Jeff, I know that you produce fish oil up there in Alaska. So, what's your take on this?

Well, I actually agree entirely with what Robyn just said. I think the way that fish oil has been historically produced in mass was take sardines and anchovies, generally from South America. They get thrown into a large system that then ultimately ends up with these things being processed to remove what's the valuable thing, which is a fish protein concentrate, leaving behind the byproduct, which is the oil. The oil is rancid as heck. I've seen this. I've been to these factories around the world. And then ultimately going through multiple, multi-step processing to deodorize, de-winterize, de-saponify, re-esterify, all sorts of chemical garbage gobbledygook. So, that's what actually led me with my partner who owns a fishing company up in Alaska to actually build a pharmaceutical-grade plant in Dutch Harbor where we do minimum processing and we don't go through all that stuff and our fish are frozen within 15 minutes of a live fish onboard the boat. And, we have our own boats actually and they come to our plant and and they never get above 100 degrees and they're not exposed to oxygen. So when that oil comes out of the tap, it is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. The thing that we associate with the fishy taste and fishy odor is actually the byproducts, the rancidity products. And so I think that it depends on the processing, it depends on the TLC, the tender loving care that the producer has in the way that they manage. The resource going from the fish ultimately to the oil. And it depends upon the species of fish itself.

And I would even say what someone does, even if you've done the good job, once it's handed off from you, right? Like, how long is it on a shelf? How is it shipped? Is it sitting on somebody's back porch at 90 degrees, you know, during the summer for 3 days while they're off on the weekend?

Exactly right. You know, it's the reason it's so unique is it's highly unsaturated, these omega-3 oils. That's the good news. The bad news is highly unsaturated means they're easily oxidatively injured. And so, they have to be protected as very important parts of our building of all of our membranes including the brain, but they're also very labile to injury.

Yeah. Yeah. But, what you didn't address was Robyn's thoughts on the fact that the health claims are over-exaggerated. Do you agree?

Yeah. I would say it really depends upon what kind of claims you want to make. If we're talking about prevention of cardiovascular disease, there are large meta-analysis studies, as Robin was saying, that illustrate that certain risk factor cohorts are advantaged by taking fish oil at the level of 1 to 2 grams of EPA/DHA a day. So that— and then you say, wouldn't it be better to eat fish? And yeah, 2 servings of fish a week will produce the same statistical benefits. So if you're a fish eater, yeah, that is going to give you the benefit. If you look at neurological function, there's where things start to be much more, I think, interesting because it turns out that these omega-3 oils have a pretty interesting effect upon the immune system of the brain, the so-called microglia, and therefore may really play an important role in some of the neurological functions with aging. So I think that it depends on what claim you're looking at and what application you're interested in.

I know we're sailing through a few of these supplements. And again, if you guys really want food for thought or supplements for thought, I suppose this is a book we're talking about, "Take Daily." And of course, I've interviewed both Robyn and Jeff in the past, and I'll link to all of my other episodes with them at BenGreenfieldLife.com/SupplementsDebate. But, there's another big one. I've gotten a lot of emails and questions about this. And that's protein powder apparently. And, Robyn, you can clarify exactly what happened, but there was some kind of research or multiple studies that looked into the cleanliness of protein powder. And, the results at first glance at least look pretty shocking. What's the deal with protein powder?

Yeah. So, I've had no dog in the fight on all of these things. I'm not talking my book, but I do want to point out that well over 15 years ago, I started making my own protein. And, I say this all the time, I say, that is my product that I make that I do not use. It's not that it's dangerous. It's that I saw what garbage most processed protein powder is. And this is just not talked about. Everybody knows about processed sugar. Everybody knows a Slim Jim isn't the same thing as Ben's grass-fed venison that he went out and shot and killed or whatever.

But nobody talks about it. It depends on the farm that it was feeding on, but yeah.

But nobody talks about processed protein and how much processing it goes through. So I went and made my own, not because I think that you need to just pound as many grams of protein. I think that's a deflection from stuff that matters. I think that the things that matter in nutrition are the really unsexy things we don't talk about. Um, because it's not what you're taught getting a master's degree in dietetics or nutrition, but the processed protein has a lot of problems with it, including really high glutamate. Okay, it's not monosodium glutamate, the additive that makes you not be able to just eat one Dorito, but it's similar, has similar effects on the body. There's lots of contaminants through the manufacturing of it. You're right. I think Mike Adams got so bullied after he tested a whole bunch of people's protein powder that I know some of the players who begged him to take down his negative review of their protein powder. I made protein because I was like, "I can do better than this." I can make way less processed, get some superfoods in there, make it much more of a whole food, don't use isolates. So I make protein not because I think people need to supplement with protein, but some people want to, or they want to eat a plant-based diet, but they want— they're worried about not getting a protein. I worry about how much protein I'm getting zero times ever in my life, and I just think it's a— I think it's a red herring. But the, the protein powder industry has a lot of that a lot of similar chemical-oriented tons of manufacturing. I just want to point out to people, you don't want to go eat M&M's. A lot of you people would never touch an M&M, but you don't know how processed your protein is. And, it's the bars and the powders. It's billion-dollar industry.

Ben Greenfield: You write on page 179 of the book that the Clean Label Project tested 134 top-selling protein powders in the U.S. for heavy metals like lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury. And, the long story short is that a lot of them exceeded the limits. But, I think I even emailed you about this. It was the Prop 65 limit. And, the reason I have an eyebrow raised at that even though I do agree that there is contamination in protein powder is this recently happened with Celtic Salt and it turns out that they had arsenic, but it was 10 times less arsenic than a bunch of kale. And yet, because of California Prop 65's potentially ridiculous limits, it was flagged as high in arsenic and they got some bad press from that. So, do these levels really matter, the amount that's in them, or does it vary from chemical to chemical?

I mean, this is where it gets really fuzzy. And, this is industry will say that to deflect. This is totally in the lawsuit that I'm right now where they're like, well, there's toxins in the fruits themselves, as in to deflect from the fact that the industrial heavy metals are used and remain in the film that I can't get off of my fruits and vegetables that I put into my juicer and consume 20 times more of than they say, than that company says is a safe limit. So yeah, there's, there's a lot of that and it just snows people over that. I mean, you know, my dad always ate the whole apple including the seeds and there are trace amounts of a natural cyanide in the seeds. And maybe if you ate like 30 pounds of them, maybe they would make you sick. But it's, it's true that there are tiny amounts of natural pesticides or natural anti-nutrients or toxins in plants, but they've— we've seen the studies. There's only thousands and thousands of them that, you know, eating plants has led to better outcomes for human beings' health. So I'm concerned about the industrial stuff that's in the huge manufacturing plant, and that's why I want to just slip this in again, that everyone should go in with whatever chemical-sounding vitamin or nutrient and put it into your ChatGPT and ask it what chemical processes are used in the manufacturing of blank. Because what you've just done is you've told it that you're aware that there's manufacturing involved and that you're aware there are chemicals involved. And that way, like, if you just ask it something dumb, like, what's my vitamin C made out of? You're going to get a baby problem marketing narrative back.

I see. What's your take on the protein powder thing, Jeff?

Well, I think that Robyn is on to something very important. You know, when you get into bulk nutrients, this is different than vitamin minerals, which are very small in magnitude, but a protein you may be consuming 100 or more grams a day. So that gives a greater delivery potential for trace contaminants like cadmium that comes out of certain agriculture in in, in Asia. This is one of the reasons that there's been a lot of concerns now about soy protein and pea proteins that come from, from Asian soils that were actually very heavily dosed by industrial chemicals from the air pollution. So I, I think that her point is a very good point. When you get into bulk things that you're eating, of which you're saying, okay, I'm going to get 100 grams of protein a day or more, then the trace amounts add up over course of time. And so you, you look at the dairy industry producing lactobumin or casein or lactoglobulins. You look at the vegetable protein industry with the various legume proteins. There are different sources by which those things have come through agriculture or husbandry of animals, and there are different processes by which they ultimately end up in a bulk form that then people buy on price, basically to keep the price as low as possible, uh, which then do not look at the contaminants as a major concern as long as they fall underneath the, the level that are allowed. So I, I think this is a, a true issue of, of a real concern when you industrialize your food.

Yeah, I've seen more websites popping up now, like, uh, Supco is I think the most recent one I saw that is doing some third-party testing of popular brands and putting some good information out there. But yeah, I, I am certainly on the bandwagon that protein powder is is an issue beyond just the artificial sweeteners or how much protein you need, et cetera. So, this last one is near and dear to my heart, my wife's heart because both of us have started on hormone replacement therapy. Robyn, you present some concerns about hormone replacement therapy, kind of a two-parter. What are your concerns and do any of those concerns involve like if somebody's using a cream or a gel or something like that, stuff that could get absorbed that goes beyond the hormone like potentially harmful chemicals that could be absorbed transdermally in the cream or the gel?

Yeah. So, my answer about bioidentical hormones is that I want to just say that while I did a chapter on this because so many people are concerned about it, Ben, his wife, I know her too, me, I've used thyroid for 25 years. It was life-changing for me. It turned a bunch of things around for me. I mean, I think right about that same time, I also turned my diet around. So, kind of hard to tease those things apart. We never do one thing, right? If we get unwell like I did 30 years ago, we do a bunch of things and then we don't know which thing did it, right? But I don't necessarily have the end-all be-all answer about hormones. But what I became concerned about after researching one after another after another supplement is that almost all of them, I'm gonna say almost because it may not be true, I don't know, maybe Jeff is pulling their, his process is pulling whole fish out. If so, that is one gonna be one expensive fish oil because vast majority of fish oil is using the parts that the public isn't gonna buy as a filet of fish. And so lots of gross fish parts that nobody actually wants to eat become the mash or whatever you want to call it, the feedstock that becomes the oil. And then there's all the residuals of the chemicals involved to deodorize, purify the— this is what my concern was going into trying to learn about bioidentical hormone, because that's one I do take. Okay, not official user, learned all that like literally 10 and 15 years ago, been writing about it that long. Don't take the pressed white pill referred to as vitamin D, but The hormones were like totally game-changing for me when I was like, my hands and feet were cold. I was having all these weird, clearly hormonal issues. Got on bioidentical hormone, all the problems resolved within a few months.

And just, just to clarify, are you talking just about thyroid or were you doing like estrogen, progesterone, etc.?

It got to be more and more things. And then the, the, the natural hormone practitioners, they're all over the map. I've been to, I think, 12 of them in total in the last 25, 30 years, and they are kind of just doing their own thing and figuring out the best they can. You know, I mean, Jeff would know this as a pioneer of functional medicine. When a thing doesn't exist and you're bringing it to market, I think they're doing the best they can. But what I was concerned about is that these supply chains and these products are so unregulated. And, you know, people are freaking out. A year ago when the FDA was saying, we're not going to let you have your bioidenticals anymore, and people were losing their minds. And then Marty Makary from the FDA came out and said, no, we're going to, we're going to put them through clinical trials and we're going to get them for you. Don't everybody, don't panic.

Organic.

Bottom line is I was concerned that they were going to move from it being literally a porcine thyroid extract to being, you know, then it goes to like all the solvents and all the things that preserve it and keep it in the supply chains to be mostly shipped from China. Most of this stuff's made in China and India to just finding a synthetic way to make it because it's a lot cheaper. Okay, just be aware that there's a ton of this. And so like all your B vitamins, there was no food involved in 99 point something percent of your B vitamins. They were all made, they're all lab made, made from chemicals, heavy metals involved. Like the B vitamin thing is a whole other story. But bottom line is I have a very hard time getting to the information about each of the companies that make bioidentical hormone. I have my concerns, but I do think that the ones who say that we are thyroid extract or porcine thyroid extract, you can at least hope that the, the vast majority of it is just literally pig thyroid. You know, though, like, that's the Nature Throid. They've had supply line problems since I've been on it for quarter of a century. And so probably that's why, is because they're reliant on the pig industry giving their thyroids to the people processing it from there.

Okay.

All right. Now, now, Jeff, let's say hormone replacement therapy was properly managed, and we're not talking about risk of of excess use or conversion into something else, but instead just the sourcing, the cleanliness, any potential issues like I mentioned with some cream or gel transdermally. Any thoughts on that, the sourcing of the hormones used for HRT?

Well, I'd say that both of you are cueing this up wrong. Quite honestly, I don't like the way you position this. Hormones in terms of their potential deleterious effects on humans are far greater than anything you'd have from a trace contaminant in a vitamin supplement. And so you're talking about something really serious that has huge biological influence at picogram levels. Now I'm not against at all, in fact I'm supportive in the functional medicine model of appropriate well-designed bioidentical hormone replacement. But if you wanna start talking about risk to reward, the risk of bioidentical hormone mistreatment is huge. And there are many women and men that have been damaged by it. So if you wanna use the same kind of deciding point as to what's most concerning, is it vitamins that are contaminated? By the way, I don't think this thing about synthetic vitamins, I think it's a red herring in its own right because I think the vitamin is a vitamin. And I don't think that the, the trace contaminants of a riboflavin, niacin, or pyridoxine is a real issue. I think a real issue is misappropriate use of bioidentical hormones. So I don't like the way you've teed this whole discussion up.

So when you say misappropriate use, what would you define as misappropriate use?

Inappropriate doses or inappropriate compounding, because we— there are a lot of compounding pharmacists that are not fully qualified to really produce a product that has unique quality assurance that's consistent with what Robyn was talking about for vitamin supplements. So, you've got a lot of junk that can be in those by trying to make them more bioavailable.

I got you. So, when terms like 503 are thrown out in terms of a compounding pharmacy that apparently meets stricter FDA regulations, is that what you'd look for? You would ask your doctor if they were sourcing from a pharmacy like that?

Yeah. And then, I'd want to know what that that pharmacy was really doing to comply with 503.

Absolutely. Okay.

Okay.

Do you use hormones in your practice?

Well, absolutely, yes. And in a prescribed kind of traditional, well-designed, confidence-related application, not— I use the same kind of logic that Robin is using for vitamin supplements. Be safe.

Yeah.

Okay.

Robin, If you could leave people who have listened this far and made it this far, congratulations, with a final takeaway message, let's, let's say in, in 2 minutes or less, what would you tell people?

I would say read the book, take daily. I take chapter by chapter the things that I think most people are most misinformed about. And don't miss if you take vitamin A or beta carotene. I think that's the one where the evidence against it was sort of accidental because it was supposed to be this big study to show that taking vitamin A and beta-carotene, you know, and these again, these are synthetic analogs to what is in food. I know that Jeff doesn't agree, but please do your own additional research. You now have research tools that will scan the whole internet, put good inputs in, say, say, take a look at all PubMed and like try to debunk me because one of the reasons I brought this book out is because I think that the large language models will gatekeep for this, just like Ben, I'm sure you experienced it 2017 and 2018. Everybody in natural health got locked out of the Google search results with the Google updates in 2017 and 2018. It's going to happen.

Yeah. So, I somehow escaped it. I don't know, but yeah, it happened to a lot of people.

Yeah.

Yeah.

So anyway, I think that anybody who's a big supplement taker should learn about how the supplements are made. Virtually always by— they're made from throwaway byproducts of other industry or things like chalk, rocks, and shells, or most of our isolated minerals. This is just isn't how they occur in nature. And when you learn about what they're made of, I'm not even talking about excipients and binders and all that stuff. I think everybody kind of knows that. And dyes and bleaches. And I'm talking about what the supplement is actually made of and the whole the whole way this game came to be in the first place. Read the book and do your own research and go ask hard questions. Like, let me say it one more time. Please tell me the chemical processes used in manufacturing whatever it is that you want to research, because people just keep coming to me and they want me to research it. Start there. Start there. Where in the world? What, what manufacturing facilities? In what country? Stuff like that.

Jeff, what are your final thoughts?

Well, my final thought is that anything we do in life, uh, I don't care what that activity is, has a risk and has a benefit. And so we're always asking the question, does the benefit exceed the risk? Uh, this conversation that we're having has a benefit, but it also has a risk, a risk that someone may be misunderstood or we may have this information used inappropriately. So I think that as it relates to this topic of what we put on our body, It starts with food, but then we ask the same questions with food that we're asking about vitamin supplements. What's the source of that food where it was grown? What's the stewardship of the land? How did it ultimately end up in the product that we're gonna consume? And that, that kind of intelligence is to me what drove me to start Big Bold Health, to really go back to the first principles. How do we actually end up with something that we can be secure and recognize that, that the benefit is far gonna exceed the risk. And how do we get away from the industrialization of our chemistry that ends up in our food supply as well as in our vitamin supplements so that we end up with something that we can feel is safe and effective for our long-term health? I'm just celebrating my 80th birthday next month, and I'm thinking, okay, what have I learned in those 80 years? I've learned don't buy into simple concepts, don't get overexcited, stay with the stuff that has tried and proven work over generations of, of history. And start with food and land and soil preservation and stewardship of the integrity of our environment. And you'll be much better off in the way you think about your life.

Jeff, what did the pirate say on his 80th birthday? Hey, man. Aye, matey. Join the crew, matey. Yeah. Aye, matey. Aye, matey. All right. Well, on that note, I'm a dad. I got dad jokes. You guys, this was fantastic, certainly fodder for thought, and I really appreciate your grace and wisdom and the ability to have this discussion in a really nice way. So, BenGreenfieldLife.com/SupplementsDebate is where you can find the shownotes and also links to Jeff, to Robyn, other podcasts I've done with them, Robyn's book. So, thank you guys once more for doing this.

Thanks, Ben. Great to connect, Robyn and Ben, as always. Thank you, Jeff. Really enjoying.

Alright, everybody. Have an incredible week. To discover even more tips, tricks, hacks, and content to become the most complete boundless version of you, visit BenGreenfieldLife.com. In compliance with the FTC guidelines, please assume the following about links and posts on this site. Most of the links going to products are often affiliate links, of which I receive a small commission from sales of certain items, but the price is the same for you. And sometimes I even get to share a unique and somewhat significant discount with you. In some cases, I might also be an investor in a company I mention. I'm the founder, for example, of Kion LLC, the makers of Kion-branded supplements and products, which I talk about quite a bit. Regardless of the relationship, if I post or talk about an affiliate link to a product, it is indeed something I personally use, support, and with full authenticity and transparency recommend in good conscience. I personally vet each and every product that I talk about. My first priority is providing valuable information information and resources to you that help you positively optimize your mind, body, and spirit. And I'll only ever link to products or resources, affiliate or otherwise, that fit within this purpose. So, there's your fancy legal disclaimer.