Your hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands release stress hormones to help you survive short-term threats. The problem isn't the spike itself, it's when those hormones stay elevated and never come back down.
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There is something called HPA axis— hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal axis. So hypothalamus is part of your brain. Pituitary is a gland sitting in the middle of your brain that secretes bunch of hormones for our body's functioning. And the adrenal glands are glands sitting on top of our kidneys, and they release bunch of stress hormones. Okay, whole bunch of stress hormones. Now Stress hormones are not bad. We need them to survive, and our bodies are very well made to handle these stress hormones when they go up. But here's a big what. But when they go up for a short period, the problem is when these stress hormones never come down.