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In this short educational clip, Nyree Penn explains that hyperarousal is a sustained physiological state distinct from the acute stress response. While stress is a reaction to a stressor, hyperarousal represents a lingering activation of the central nervous system, characterized by continuous fight‑mode signaling even when no immediate stressor is present. The speaker outlines the key neurobiological features of hyperarousal: elevated cortisol levels, heightened sympathetic (fight) tone, reduced inhibitory signaling, and an imbalance among neurotransmitter systems that prevents the transition to a calming "flight" or relaxation response. The explanation emphasizes that chronic hyperarousal keeps the body in a perpetual fight stance, making it difficult to achieve calmness.

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