Ray Dalio's Bridgewater and Jim Simons' Renaissance stopped taking new investors around 2005 because an SEC rule caps funds at 1,999 investors. This forced them to require $100 million minimums. If you can't meet that, a fund-of-funds lets you pool $500,000 with others to get in.
Chapters
Ray Dalio, I believe, stopped raising money in 2005. They literally turned investors away. To get in that fund, you had to have a $100 million minimum commitment and had to have a $4 billion net worth to even talk to them to get into his funds. Same thing with Jim Simons, who just passed away. But Jim Simons had a similar thing and then they closed their fund. Why would they do that? It's because the SEC, under a 3 rule, you can only raise from 1,999 investors. So, it's very exclusive. There are many funds that maybe me, Bridger, I would love to get into this private equity fund. But the minimum is $20 million. And at least as of today, I don't have $20 million to just plow into one investment. So, what I'm going to do is I'm going to write a check into a fund of funds and maybe I'll put in $500,000. But the fund of funds combined is going to write a check of more than $20 million and get me into that very exclusive private equity fund.