An IPO is when a private company goes public and sells shares to regular investors. Elon Musk's Starlink is currently off-limits to most people, but companies like Coinbase have seen their value jump 2 to 10 times after going public.
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An IPO or an initial public offering is when a private company goes public or is listed on public markets for people like me and you can go and buy the stock. So, for example, Elon Musk's Starlink, which you may have heard about, regular people like me and you can't invest into that business unless you have a lot of money and you go through a VC channel and they're actually raising capital at the time. So, a lot of people like us will patiently wait for Starlink to go public and allow regular people like us to buy and sell the security. Now, the hope on an IPO is that the company will go public and the public will be so excited about Starlink's IPO that will buy up the price like crazy and their evaluation will 2 or 3 or 5 or 10x off of an IPO, which you saw with Coinbase about a year and a half ago.