44:45

In this bilingual (Arabic‑English) lecture, Dr. Hassan Bencheqroun reviews five classic coagulation patterns (DIC, warfarin, heparin, liver disease, TTP/HUS) and how to diagnose them quickly using platelets, PT, PTT, and fibrinogen. He illustrates the appropriate reversal for warfarin‑related bleeding (vitamin K + four‑factor PCC) and emphasizes the urgency of plasma exchange for TTP versus supportive care for HUS. The session then shifts to peripheral blood‑smear interpretation, describing five key morphologic clues – Howell‑Jolly bodies, bite/Heinz cells, schistocytes, target cells, and sickle cells – and explains the pathophysiologic mechanisms that generate each finding. Next, Dr. Bencheqroun explains serum protein electrophoresis, differentiating MGUS, smoldering myeloma, and multiple myeloma using M‑protein level, plasma‑cell percentage, and the CRAB organ‑damage criteria. A case‑based question reinforces that an M‑spike < 3 g/dL with < 10 % plasma cells is MGUS, requiring monitoring only. Finally, he outlines the hierarchy of transfusion reactions (acute hemolytic, febrile non‑hemolytic, TRALI, TACO, anaphylaxis), stressing the universal first step of stopping the transfusion before diagnosing. Throughout, the lecture uses pattern‑recognition, clinical pearls, and rapid decision‑making algorithms aimed at medical students preparing for exams.

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