Mark Hyman explains why thin people can be metabolically unhealthy, a condition called TOFI (thin on the outside, fat on the inside). You can have disease risk without being overweight if you lack muscle mass, eat poorly, or don't exercise. The video covers how to spot these signs and prevent metabolic disease.
Yes, we're overweight, but some of us are not overweight, but we're over fat. And that can be just as dangerous as being overweight. Now, we are in general a very overweight nation. Over 75% of us are overweight. 42% are obese. 40% of kids are overweight. And what's even more frightening is that new data shows that not only are 75% people overweight, but 93.2% of people are metabolically unhealthy. And what does that mean? That means even if they're not overweight, they still are unhealthy metabolically. And we're gonna go into what that means. So that's why you see this enormous rates of what we call diabetes. This is spectrum of prediabetes all the way to full-blown type 2 diabetes. And 90% of those people who've got it, don't actually have it diagnosed. In fact, this new data that 93% of people are metabolically unhealthy means that there's somewhere along that spectrum of prediabetes. It may not be one in two Americans. It may not be maybe nine out of 10 Americans have some degree of metabolic disturbance that you could say is related to insulin resistance and maybe hasn't crossed a threshold to full-blown type two diabetes or prediabetes. So this is a big problem and it's a risk for heart disease, for stroke, for cancer, for depression, infertility, and of course it just it affects your quality of life and increases your rate of aging and death. So, there's all these detrimental consequences that happen obviously for overweight, but they can also happen if we're at our ideal weight or normal weight or even underweight. So, if it's true that a lot of people who are thin are also metabolically unhealthy, then what is all that about? In fact, it may be up to 30% of people who are thin are also what we call metabolically obese normal weight or TOFI, thin on the outside, fat on the inside. I call it skinny fat. They look skinny, but they're actually fat on the inside. And their risks, it turns out, are as bad as those who are overweight and actually maybe even higher in some diabetic studies. They found that thin diabetics are at higher risk of complications in death than overweight diabetics, which is very concerning. So we have this sort of epidemic of TOFI or metabolically obese normal weight. It's not tofu, it's TOFI, thin on the outside, fat on the inside. And it basically means we're over fat and under lean. And it may be the distribution of fat. you know, sometimes people are thin in terms of the scale, but if you look at them, they got a little pooch or a little belly. And you see this particularly in certain populations like Asians or Indians from India are often at their ideal weight, but they still have high rates of diabetes, even when they're not overweight. And that's because they are prone to develop this organ fat, this visceral fat, this belly fat. And, and this is really terrible because they may have a low body mass index. So on their weight scale, they look fine, but they have not enough muscle and they have poor metabolic health because their muscle is metabolically unhealthy as well. So not only do they have lower muscle mass and are under lean, but their muscle quality is lower. So it's really a problem. And they can suffer all the same consequences of heart attacks, cancer, Strokes, dementia, even diabetes by. By having this problem called tophi. So even if you're thin, it doesn't mean you got a free ticket. And you've seen people who are, oh, I'm eating, you know, junk and sugar and crap, and I don't gain weight and I'm fine. so that's not about the weight. It's about what's happening on the inside under the hood. So technically they may not be overweight, but they are actually metabolically just like a diabetic person or pre-diabetic they might have low muscle mass, inflammation, high triglycerides, their cholesterol, I may be wacky, they have low good cholesterol, they have high blood pressure, high blood sugar. So it doesn't give them a free pass that's your normal weight. If you're overweight or obese, you kind of know you're kind of at risk. But if you're not, you're like maybe just think you're fine, you're actually not. And there is actually a way to test for it, which is using a body composition test. It looks at your body composition and the distribution of fat. So not only you do body composition, you can do it on a scale and it'll tell you overall. And that also can be helpful. But looking at a DEXA scan, which looks at where the fat is distributed, is it in your, you know, muscle in your arms and legs, but you got lots of belly fat and your weight's normal. you're in trouble. So those fat deposits are that belly fat is really the organ fat is really the problem. And then the muscles also become like marbleized fat, like a ribeye steak as opposed to a filet mignon. And that actually leads to poor metabolic function in the muscle and prediabetes. And you get low sex hormones, high cortisol, low growth hormone, prediabetes, insulin resistance, all of it happens. So it's really bad. And you can tell, like if you, and I have many patients like this where, They have this little belly fat and they look like their normal weight, but you do their lab tests and you see they have high triglycerides, low HDL, small LDL particles, high blood sugar, high insulin, all signs that they have TOFI or have this problem. And doctors often will ignore this because they go, well, you're not overweight, so it's fine, but there really are at risk. So what do you do if you have this problem? Well, first you have to diagnose it, and that can be lab testing, it can be a body composition test. but it's very similar to someone who's got diabetes. So it's get your muscle mass up, get your body fat down, and increase the metabolic health by the kinds of foods you're eating, the kind of exercise you're doing, and the right supplements. So first you want to focus on a very low glycemic diet, which is low in sugar and starch, higher in fat, good fats, olive oil, avocados, nuts and seeds, good quality protein to build muscle. So you need about 30 grams of protein per each meal. at least that's really important. So diet is key. And then if you do healthy fats, you're not gonna be hungry, you're gonna boost your metabolism. So avocados, olive oil, walnuts, nuts and seeds, nut butters, coconut oil, even virgin coconut oil can be very helpful. I've written a lot about this in the blood sugar solution, the 10-day detox diet. So you can kind of learn exactly how to deal with this problem and how to fix it, but it's entirely reversible. Now, what else is really important besides the diet? Well, strength training, because you need to build muscle and muscle burns seven times as much calories as fat. When you have a high ratio of fat to muscle, it has huge impacts on your metabolic health, not just on your appearance, because you can kind of look kind of flabby and frail, even though you're not overweight. But if you lose muscle, you're in trouble and you will lose muscle over time if you don't do anything about it. So you could be the same weight as you were when you were 20 at age 70, but be twice as fat because your muscles become replaced with fat. And we call this metabolically obese normal weight or skinny fat or toffee, same thing. And you lose mitochondria, your metabolism slows down, you lose muscle strength, you get increased frailty, and it's just bad. So you need to do strength training, particularly as you get older, to feel better, to reverse Tofey and reverse your risk of diabetes and other problems. So, you can do body weight training, you can do bands, which I do, stair climbing, push-ups, squats, there's all kinds of apps and.
