Leptin is a trophic factor that promotes brain growth and fixes cognitive problems in leptin-deficient patients. Insulin blocks leptin signaling, and high sugar intake causes insulin resistance, which triggers leptin resistance. The UK Whitehall study found a correlation between sugar consumption and depression.
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What do we know about these trophic factors? Leptin is a trophic factor. Leptin causes new neurons to form and causes neuron outgrowth. Insulin inhibits leptin. Insulin blocks leptin signaling. We know that leptin causes neurons to branch and connect. We know that leptin regulates neural and glial protein levels. We know that leptin corrects cognitive defects who have in patients who have leptin deficiency. So leptin is important. It's a trophic factor. And you can actually see under the microscope. We know that sugar causes insulin resistance. We know that insulin resistance causes leptin resistance. The hyperinsulinemia blocks the leptin signaling. And we see it in humans as well. Again, correlation, not causation. But this is a correlation study out of the Whitehall study in the uk. Sugar intake from sweet food and beverages, common mental disorders and depression. Perspective findings.