Climate Week NYC Webinar: A Plan to End Deforestation in the Amazon

Welcome everyone. I'm Heather Goldstone, Chief Communications Officer with Woodwell Climate Research Center. We currently have about 50 or so people who have joined us and that number is rising. So we will start slowly to begin our program. And Mr. Carnero, if you could begin interpretation for our Portuguese speaking panelists and guests. We are offering today's program in both English and Portuguese and you can select the language of your choice at the bottom of your screen using the interpretation feature there, selecting English or Portuguese to hear that language. And we will be offering interpretation throughout the program. So again, welcome to Climate Week New York City. What we hope will be a unique Climate week in that none of us are actually in New York City today. Those of us from Woodwell Climate Research center are largely joining you from Cape Cod, while many of our other panelists and guests are joining us from a variety of locations in Brazil and around the world. We are going to be speaking today about a plan to end deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. And one of the really unique and special features of today's event is that you will be hearing from stakeholders as well as the scientists who have been working on developing this plan and to introduce what we will be sharing with you today. What I would like to do is start a brief video now that introduces our program.

Climate change is the greatest threat facing humanity. The Amazon is one of our planet's.

First lines of defense. These tropical forests absorb human carbon emissions, cool land services, create rain and shelter a tenth of the world's known plant and animal species. No sound heather.

Support and drive policies that protect and restore these forests. We work with the Amazon Environmental Research Institute or epom, our sister organization in Brazil to. Together we are advancing evidence based solutions in four key areas. First, we learn from and work with indigenous communities to develop tools and resources that aid in land management and bolster their rights to the land. Second, we develop strategies for large agricultural producers to conserve and restore forests while increasing their output. Third, we provide technical support to small farmers and identify opportunities to grow more food, cut down fewer trees and improve their quality of life. And fourth, we measure and map the risks of deforestation on lands that haven't been legally protected and share those insights with governments with the goal of having them be designated as protected areas. Our approach is backed by a 25 year track record of on the ground collaboration and success. And our comprehensive education programs are training the next generation of leaders in in tropical forest science and conservation. With a broad network of partner organizations, we are using science to help end the devastating impacts of deforestation. While achieving greater food security and supporting local communities. We are on the front lines combating the threats posed by global climate change. We need your support to invest in our bold and ambitious plans to save the Amazon. The Amazon is crucial to the future of our world. Join us today to protect our tomorrow.

Okay, so just a brief introduction there. And to begin our real program for today, I would like to introduce Marcia Macedo. She is a member of our Amazon team here at Woodwell Climate Research center, and she will be moderating a portion of today's program and is joining us now to provide some perspective on the work that we do in the Amazon. She is, as I said, one of the scientists on our team and also has deep family roots in Brazil and a lifelong connection to the Amazon. And we welcome her perspective on this work. Marcia?

Thank you, Heather. And thanks everyone for joining us today. It's wonderful to be here with you this afternoon. I have been working with the Woodwell Climate Research center and its partner institution in Brazil, the Amazon Environmental Research Institute, EPAM, for the better part of the last 20 years. And these institutions have been working together in the Amazon for 25 years now. And I just wanted to kick off the conversation today by sharing a little bit of a perspective in the form of two maps of what we've accomplished together with many other institutions over the last 25 years. And that all of those accomplishments have been done with partners in the region. And we're very pleased to have some important partners here with you today to share their perspectives as well. So I'll share my screen. And the first, the first. Let's see if it's. There we go. So the first map is this one, and it shows you the history of protected area creation in the Amazon. And what I love about this is that it reminds me of how far we've come today. Right? I mean, if you look back as late as the early 60s, there were no protected areas in the Amazon. And since then, we have protected over half of the Amazon in indigenous territories, protected areas. And that required coordination of nine countries across the Amazon basin. And it's a scale of conservation that has never been attempted anywhere on the planet. So there are a lot of threats facing the region today. But I like to start off by celebrating how much we have accomplished and the opportunity that still exists to conserve these forests for the long term. Of course, the flip side of that is, is this map. There are growing, there has been about 20% of the region that has already been deforested. And with that comes fire and forest degradation. Around the edges. And I love this map because it's actually kind of the negative image of what the previous map shows.

Right.

You can see very clearly in the black there that protected areas and indigenous territories work. They have helped to block off these areas and have really helped to slow deforestation and fire spread over large swaths of forest. Pressures are increasing. And the good news is that we do know what we need to do to conserve these forests. And what Michael Koh, the director of our tropics program here at the Woodville Institute, and Andrea Guimaraez, the executive director of epam, are going to share with you today is some of those strateg that we have developed over the years, and in particular, the really important partnerships that we've developed to help move that work forward. So without further ado, I would like to turn it over to Michael Koh and he. Let me just figure out how to stop sharing my screen here and turn the word over to Michael and look forward to a good discussion a bit later on. Thanks.

Thank you, Marcia. Yes. So, as Marcia mentioned, we're going to briefly present our thoughts on Amazon conservation in the coming years, what we can do. And our theme is fighting climate change by ending tropical deforestation. And we'll talk. I'll talk more about that in a moment. But this was motivated by the dawning realization over the last few years that we're really fast approaching a tipping point. We may lose a large fraction of these forests in the coming decades. And of course, that would be a massive loss, not just for the Amazon, but for the world. And we also realized that our current approach really wasn't enough. We'd had some great successes over the many years we've been working together, as Marcy has mentioned, but it's just not enough. We're winning battles and we feel as if we're losing the war. Saving these forests will require, you know, a much more unified and a bolder approach and a lot of help. And that that's what we've come to the realization of. And, and this is what we want to present now, our plan for creating solutions to the deforestation problem. First is background. Can we go ahead and move forward? Just, you know, context. You think about the Amazon, it's huge, and that can't be overemphasized. It's nearly as large as, you know, as the United states, the lower 48 states. It's one half of all tropical forests on the planet. And that makes it not just a forest, but really an incredibly important part of the Earth system. And you know, what do I mean when we say it's part of the Earth's system? I mean the Amazon literally makes it rain. It evaporates so much, a huge amount of water. One tree may evaporate 500 liters a day. So all of this water travels around the planet and creates rain. It's a massive rain producer. The Amazon also keeps it cool. It's an air conditioner. It air conditioning the land surface, cooling it by as much as 5 degrees C or 10 degrees Fahrenheit. It also soaks up carbon. It absorbs and stores More than 10% of all human carbon emissions each year. That's a massive service that this forest is providing. It also, of course, is life. It shelters at least a tenth of all plant and animal species on Earth. Probably more like 20%. We don't really even know. So when we look, this is a map. This is a map of carbon above ground carbon on the planet. The greener it is, the more carbon there is. And so what it illustrates is just how important tropical forests in general are, and the Amazon in particular, the largest single mass of carbon on the planet is sitting in those forests in the Amazon. So you know that when we think about the climate change problem, there's many things that we have to do, you know, like cutting emissions in particular. But I am also certain that there's no way that we can succeed in fighting climate change if we destroy these forests. Of course, when we look at it, that's in fact just what we're doing. These forests are still at risk. Almost 18%, something like 18% have already been destroyed. And this is what has to stop. And this is what we're dedicated, we're dedicating to doing, finding creative and workable ways to end this deforestation. So how are we, you know, how are we going to do that? Well, what we've realized, what we developed over the last few years, is a much clearer understanding that our conservation approach has to be much more holistic. We can't just do great science and hope that it gets to the right hands. What we have to do is create and participate in the process from start to finish. And our process is basically this. We start with the science, perform the science to tell us what's really happening, who's doing it, create novel solutions then that address the needs of the people and the environment at the same time and engage those groups and those people who are part of the problem and solution. And in that way, working together, we can have lasting impact for the environment. And this Next figure. This figure is the amount of deforestation that occurred every year from 1996 to present. So the red bars tell us how much deforestation occurred. And what it illustrates is just how focusing and engaging on conservation can actually work. As Marcia pointed out, an enormous amount of effort by our organization, many, many other organizations went into reducing deforestation over this period. And there have been great successes. By the early 2000s, as Marcia pointed out, 50% of the Amazon was protected in some way. That's astounding. Imagine if one half of the United States were in some form of protection. Deforestation by big agricultural producers greatly declined after 2005 because they made voluntary and lasting agreements to not deforest new land. And deforestation was sustained at relatively low levels for more than a decade in the late 2000s. But we've seen big changes in the Brazilian government in particular's commitment to conserve forests. And as a result, deforestation rates are greatly increasing in 2019 and 2020. But we also see a huge commitment to conservation by civil society. And this is important because in the Amazon and throughout the world, because that provides us with opportunities. If we're not getting support in one place, we are getting it from civil society. And this is what we need to work with. Now I want to talk briefly about in 2019, you know, how we put this kind of work into action when we think, remember 2019, this time last year, there was a huge number of fires had broken out in the Amazon, Brazil in particular. And the Brazilian government was claiming it was nothing unusual, that this was a drought year and the fires were just naturally getting out of hand. There was nothing they could have done or could do to stop it. We knew better than that. So we got to work mapping and identifying the fires. And we found immediately that there were more than 110,000 fires by September. That was 85% more than the previous year. So this was a very unusual year. And we also found it wasn't a drought year, as the government was claiming. It was actually a very wet year, a relatively wet year. So what that meant was we were able to show with data within a few days of the news coming out, we were able to show that this huge number of fires was caused by one thing, and that was illegal deforestation. The fires were associated with deforestation. So we used that science then to create a positive impact solutions. And we did it in two ways. The first was we engaged with the media worldwide, our organizations. Both organizations gave more than 600 interviews in three weeks. So we just talked to all media outlets. And we just exposed what was really happening and instigated an international dialogue on the importance of these forests and the damage these fires were creating. Second was we also helped influence the Brazilian Congress. Andre and his team got to work with Congress in Brazil and helped introduce and pass legislation that allows for payments for landowners and indigenous people who keep their forest standing. So for the first time in Brazil, it may soon be possible to receive money to keep forests in place. Therefore, there's a value on forests. For the first time, we also helped stop legislation that would have allowed 12 million hectares of forest to be developed. So because of our experience, we were able to do this. But this is 2020 now, and deforestation and fires are as great as they were last year. And so what we know is that we have to. What is needed is more focused efforts. We have more focused efforts are needed to save these forests and slow global climate change. And the best part is we know whom to rest and we know how to make it happen. Now we just need to take it to scale. And that's what Andre is going to talk about, why and how we can do this. Thank you.

Thanks, Mike. And thank you very much for the Woodwell Climate Research center to organizing this event and to have the opportunity to present some of our ideas. So, as Mike was saying, folks, we have learned over the past 25 years, working together EPAM and the Woodwell center, that the solution for the Amazon is a complex one. So we need to engage the different sectors of the society, the markets, the governments, the private sector, the indigenous communities, the local communities, the people living in the cities and so on, to engage in a comprehensive approach towards reducing deforestation and improving people's quality of life. So that's pretty much the. The bilateral work that we are trying to accomplish is to promote at the same time, conservation and more conservation and more quality of life for people. So that's what we believe. So we intend with this program to go to work with four groups of stakeholders that we have identified and we have the privilege to have some representatives of these groups that we are already engaged in working with. The very first group, and some of the most important groups living in the Amazon are the indigenous groups, the indigenous territories. They represent today about one third of the Amazon. So that's the size of the responsibility over the shoulders of the indigenous communities that are protecting those areas for all of the Brazilians and at some extent, to all humans living in this planet. Since the Amazon is a fundamental piece when it comes to climate change. The other group are the large Farmers, large farmers are important for the economy of the Amazon. They are there, there are ranchers there, there's grain production there. Of course, this process has taken, has been developing over the past several decades in a process of expansion of the frontier. But now we have the challenge to stop the expansion of the frontier at the same time that we promote the increasing productivity and better best practices in, in farming land in the Amazon. And that's one of the groups of stakeholders that we are engaged with and working with in that direction. The third one are the small farmers. And we have a representative here today with us, Bela, who is going to tell us about the situation of the small farmers. But we have also learned a lot working with small farmers in the Amazon, which do represent about which are a group of some 600,000 families living in the Amazon. The fourth pillar of our strategy, if I can say so, is working with the undesignated lands. And I'll get back to it in a while. So let's go very quickly over each of these groups of stakeholders and our approach towards producing more science and channeling these science and the results of the science to decision makers. That's what we want to do. So when it comes to indigenous territories and protected areas, the strategy is very simple. Make sure that they continue to exist. So about half of the Amazon is under that level of protection. And we understand that we need to keep those 50% protected. Those are fundamental areas to maintain the integrity of the Amazon. If possible, expanding a little bit this 50%, but at least keeping those 50% and making sure that the rights of people living in the forest are respected. There are still groups of indigenous people waiting for having their lands titled or designated. And that's something that we also intend to push our science to produce information and to promote the decision making processes in that direction. The second group, as I mentioned, are the large farmers. It's affecting the Amazon. You have production of grains, production of beef in the Amazon, some extremely sustainable, very well in compliance with the forest code and with the Virginia legislation, others not so much. But the fact of the matter is that There are around 27 million hectares of land inside farms, inside private areas that can be legally deforested by the Brazilian legislation. It can be legally deforested. So we've identified those areas and, and we've designed a strategy to promote a compensation to those farmers so that they give up their right in exchange for a remuneration to avoid the deforestation of those areas. So engaging the private sector both in the area of increasing productivity and Contributing actively to protect forests is something that we believe is definitely part of the equation to solve the Amazon puzzle in the future. The third group, as I mentioned, are the small farmers. And we'll hear more about it from Bella. But the small farmers, as I said, is a substantial portion of the population of the Amazon. So we're talking here 600,000 families, somewhere around 3 to 3.5 million people living all over the Amazon. They do represent, or they do occupy a territory of about 45 million hectares, of which about half of that territory is already deforested. And it's deforested because these groups, they lack access to technology, they lack access to credit lines and to the conditions to produce. So what we have learned is that if you provide technical assistance and the means to produce more small farmers would stop deforesting immediately and the income will increase substantially. So that's the approach that we have tested with 3,000 families. But we have to expand that to a universe of 600,000 families in the Amazon. And the fourth and last but not least strategy or component of our strategy is to work with the undesignated lands. We have identified through our scientists that there are about 50 million hectares of land. These are lands, actually forests, 50 million hectares of forests in the Amazon, which are the so called undesignated forests. These forests belong to the people of Brazil, they belong to us, but they are being occupied. Of these 50 million hectares, we have identified a couple of months ago, actually a few more months ago, we have identified that there are already 11 million hectares which have been grabbed, which are occupied illegally by the so called grilleros, the so called land grabbers. This is not a good idea. This is public land. They cannot do that. The governments, the different levels of the governments do need to kick off these people out of that land, because that's illegal. And in addition, they have to somehow promote the protection of those forests by the Brazilian legislation. Those forests, they have to be kept standing. So they cannot be converted to agriculture, they cannot be converted to ranching, to pasture land. They have to be maintained as forests. And that's the direction that we are driving our science and our advocacy efforts towards designating those land, those 50 million hectares of lands. And we do believe. Next please. And we do believe that based on our long standing relationship and our broad network of partners, both in Brazil, in the United States, in Europe, all over the world, science organizations, governments, civil society organizations, academia, private sector, with the network of connections that both institutions have, we do believe that this comprehensive approach, if we can further produce the necessary information, channeling this information to the decision makers, both in the private and the public sector. We do believe that we can reduce substantially in the coming years the deforestation in the Amazon. At the same time that we produce more, that we generate more production and good quality of life for people, a better environment for businesses, and at the end of the day, sustainable development for the Amazon, which is our dream. So I would like to close this presentation basically saying that this is our belief from these two organizations. We have been working once again with the different groups of stakeholders and achieving important results over the past 25 years. As Michael Koh has pointed, we were one of the groups, among many others that have produced the necessary information for the different governments to protect half of the Amazon so far. And we do intend that we have the obligation to continue doing the work that we do so that these 50% of areas that are protected are indeed protected. And people living in those areas, particularly the indigenous communities, they have their rights guaranteed. At the same time that we expand and deepen up our work to engage with the four groups of stakeholders that I mentioned so that the integrity of the Amazon is maintained for the benefit of people living in the Amazon, for the benefit of resilience that depend upon the Amazon, not just for its reputation, but because of the water. The rain coming from the Amazon irrigates a substantial portion of our agriculture that represents about one third of our gdp. So the Amazon, in other words, is fundamental for people living in the Amazon, is crucial for Brazil and for the future of Brazil, and is a centerpiece for the future of humanity in this planet, giving food security and climate change mitigation, which are two of the most important challenges for the future of our species in this planet. So I thank you very much for being here with us. But we also want to go deeper in this discussion. So we've invited three friends of ours, three friends of EPAM and the Woodwell center, which have been working together for a long time with us. And we would like to invite. Let me start with Marcelo Brito. Marcelo Brito, my good friend Marcelo Brito is the president of the. Is the chairman of the. Of the National Brazilian Agribusiness Association. We are partners in a number of activities, myself and Marcelo. We've been working together at the Brazilian Coalition and in a number of other venues that would drive the work that we intend to push the agenda of sustainability forward in the rural sector in Brazil. And so, Marcelo, I'd like to pass on the word to you. So in, you know, some five to Six minutes. If you could give us a little bit of your perspective over the importance of this work and the importance of a better harmonization between production and conservation of forests in Brazil. So, Marcelo, please. Floor is yours.

Thank you. Andrea. I'd like to thank you. To thank SIPA and the Woodwell Research center for this kind invitation. I would like to start apologizing myself because right after my talk I'll have to leave to join another conversation during the New York Climate Week. I was unlucky to have two webinars working at the same time. So my deepest apologies for that. Well, anyway, I'm here representing the Brazil Agribusiness Association. So I'm talking on behalf of the legal agriculture in Brazil. There are not so many countries in the world, so many dependent on the agribusiness like Brazil. 20% of our direct jobs, 43% of our exports and 21% of our GDP is directly related to agribusiness. If we put all the sectors together In Brazil, from 2014 up to now, the only sector with a positive growth in Brazil is the agribusiness, with 17% of growth in comparison to construction of 35% drop, service, 6% drop, transformation industry, 13% drop. So this is how Brazil is being developed. We lost the opportunity throughout the years to become aaa, a big country on ti, on manufacturing, industry and so on. So for Brazil today, what is left is to do the construction of a heavy and big agri environmentalist sector. That's how I call the combination of agriculture and environmentalism ecology. We have a tough, very tough forest code and a big tough law in Brazil. So 25% of the vegetation cover in Brazil today is in private land. So private owners take care of this. When you look at the rural properties in Brazil, we have 5.3 million rural properties in Brazil. 85% of that has up to 100 hectares. So according to the Brazilian law, these are small farmers. So 85% of the Brazilian agriculture, it's owned by farmers with 100 hectares of land or less. So this is the kind of people that have been exposed to a wrong way of developed throughout the past 50 years. But what we have seen lately is wherever in the Amazon region you set a legal process where you have legal companies doing their development according to the law, given the good employment, making good partnership with smallholders, you reduce and in some cases you disappear all kind of deforestation, legal or illegal, in the surrounding area. So what I'm trying to say here that we must include in this force, in this task force, much more than only NGOs or only the academy, we have to take the procedure to include all stakeholders in this conversation. We have three Amazon. Today we have one is still very well preserved on the west part. We still have the Amazon in the center that now it's the target for illegal deforestation, land grabbing. And we have the Amazon from the east side, that it's almost completely destroyed. That we have to find a way to transform in social, environmental and economic development. We have to give to those people, most of them live in this area, something fair to make their living. So what I believe here that the biggest and the vast part of the Brazilian agribusiness is standing to help in this process. We need the Amazon, because the Amazon is what give us the water, the water that irrigates over 90% of the Brazilian agriculture. We need the agriculture because it's the sector that support our country. So agriculture and ecology must work together. The forests keep the water sources and as I told you, 25% of the forest reserves in Brazil. The forest cover in Brazil is within private sector. Just one sense about this. There is no other country in the world where the private sector is responsible, legally responsible, to keep this much of forest cover inside of private property. It's a gift from Brazil to the world. Because so far, contrary to what Michael said, we still trying to find a way to give value to those forests. Up to now, this is a cost for Brazil, not a value. I'm not talking about the biodiversity value, the rating value. I'm talking about those guys who have to give 80% of their land as a private reserve in the benefit of the planet. They have to take care of it. They cover all the costs inherent to this process. So we have to match all the world. If the Amazon is important to the world, let's share the benefits, but let's share the cost as well. So in the name of abac, in the name of the Brazilian Coalition on Climate, Forest and Agriculture, we are here as partners, as partners, legal partners to the construction of a much better Brazil in the coming future. And let me tell you something, despite all the terrible situation that we're facing now, as an optimist guy, is during these times of difficulty that we find the right people to put together and change an entire process. So you are all welcome to join us in this transformation process in Brazil. Thank you so much.

Thank you, Marcelo. The invitation is already accepted, my friends. So I think you've given the the absolutely right perspective of an issue that is not simple, but precisely because it's not simple. It requires different visions and a lot of openness from the different bodies to build and pave the path to the future. So my deepest appreciation, Marcelo, for being here with us today. And well, I know of the event that actually both of us would have in in a few minutes. So I'm very glad that you'll be able to hold the horses there while I join in. So thank you, Marcelo, very much for being here with us. Really appreciate it.

My pleasure.

Thank you, guys. Thank you. But I also like to listen to. Let's continue on the agribusiness. And it's funny because I was talking the other day with Marcelo and saying we're going to have you to speak on behalf of the agribusiness. And then we'll have Feliz bella who is going to talk on behalf of the smallholders. And then Marcelo said, no, no, no, no, no, wait a minute. This is all agribusiness. So I'm here correcting my understanding of the process. So agribusiness, according to Marcelo, and I think he's right, encompasses all forms of agriculture, including the smallholders. But you know, smallholders are different in the way that they relate to the resources. And I would like to invite now and I'll switch to Portuguese. Can I do that? Can I switch to Portuguese to invite Feliz Bella? I hope so.

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We are getting close to time for our event, but there's a very important question that has cropped up in a couple of different ways in the Q and A. One person from Venezuela, others from the US asking what can those of us outside of Brazil do to help? Walela, maybe you could start us off with this. Bella, I would love to hear your thoughts. And Andrei as well.

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Mike, I wonder you started us off at the beginning of the presentation. We are at 2:31. We might just ask for everyone's indulgence for a couple of more minutes. And I wonder if you could leave us with some closing thoughts and perhaps reflect a little on the importance and the uniqueness of the kinds of partnerships that we've heard about today in this kind of research in studying climate change in this particular way.

Thank you. Yes. You know, I come back to this. One of the things we did not talk about is that the climate is changing really rapidly in Brazil, as it is many, many other places. So we. We don't have that much time to really get ourselves and get things in order and save forest. And these partnerships are just, you know, it's hard to show that timeline of deforestation over time. One of the things about that is it's taken us, you know, we've been doing this for 25 years and many other organizations also. It's taken us that long to learn enough to know what we can do. And I feel as if we've reached that point after all these years where the partnerships are in place. We all have the knowledge now. We know what actually needs to be done and therefore that makes it possible. You know, 10, 15 years ago, we really couldn't articulate the scale of what needed to occur because we were still investigating. We're still trying to figure it out now. I think we do. I think we're sitting in a perfect place where we have amazing partners, we have the knowledge and we can actually do this. We can actually put structures in place that will save these forests moving forward.

I think that's a wonderful note to end on. Thank you, Mike. Thank you, Marcia and Andre. Thank you, Bella and Walella. And thank you so much for everyone who joined us today. We're really thrilled to be part of this 2020 Climate Week, new York City, and really pleased to have this opportunity to share some of our work. And as I said, just such a treat to be able to hear from Bella, from Walella, from Marcelo, and really get all of those perspectives on this problem. Because, as Mike was saying, climate change is a science problem, but it is also so much more than a science problem. And this type of work is really so critical for finding ways to stop climate change and at the same time address so many of the other food and societal issues that we face in different parts of the world. So thank you all so much for joining us, and we hope that you will look up Woodwell Climate and learn more about our work, look up epam, and perhaps join us at future events as well. Thank you all so much.