402: What's Worse For The Planet - Vegetarianism or Carnivore?, How To Recover From A TBI/ or Concussion Fast & Much More!

In this episode of the Ben Greenfield Fitness show, what's worse for the planet? Vegetarianism or carnivore? How to recover from a TBI or a concussion fast. The minimal effective dose of exercise from muscle and much more. Health, performance, nutrition, longevity, ancestral living, biohacking, and much more. My name is Ben Greenfield. Welcome to the show. Yo, yo, Jay. What's up?

What's up? I'm back, baby.

I like how we talk like gangsters.

I know, I know. I think when your voice goes lower, my voice goes lower, so next thing we know, we're gonna sound like Thanos from Infinity War.

Yeah, we're just middle aged health enthusiasts trying to sound cool. How's life been, man?

Life's been fast paced, brother. I mean, there's a lot, lot been going on since I've seen you last, actually.

Yeah, I had to record my last Q and A podcast without you. Podcast 401. I have to admit, I might need your help today to keep this thing rolling. I'm going on about eight hours of sleep for the past two days.

Whoa.

Tell me, tell me why. What caused this?

It's. It's complicated. But let me, let me open up my, my Zevia here and take a sip.

I thought it was gonna be the Essenza again because I've been drinking those things like crazy with the.

Is. Oh, the Azenza, the stuff from. Yeah, from Costco that.

Yeah, well, I mean, yeah, when you can buy like 36 of them or whatever, 38 of them for like 10.99, it's. It's a bit of a deal.

Yeah, I still like Xavier better, but that stuff is pretty good. I've been immersed in a plant medicine retreat for the past couple of days, which means that I've. I basically burnt through as many neurotransmitters as I'd normally burn through in a week, in a couple of days. And of course, when you do those things, you don't really sleep either. And as I think a lot of our listeners know, I in no way endorse people going out and doing, you know, 40 ayahuasca ceremonies in their lives to go find themselves. But at the same time, every once in a while, very, very similar to Steven Kotler and Jamie Wheel's book Stealing Fire. I will engage in what one might label as a relatively not hedonistic but intensive immersion into some. Some pretty, pretty intensive and extreme plant medicine protocols. And I was not at Burning man, which actually happens to be going on right now, but I was.

Yeah, I knew that was Going on now.

It's kind of in my own. My own little private version of Burning man, all overseen by a medical professional, of course. But I'm a little bit. I'm a little bit toasted, I will admit.

I bet, man. Well, I'll help you through it. So do you. Have you had a guide on this? Like they're with you or just someone that you can contact just in case shit hits the fan?

No, I'm. I. Whenever I go as deep as I go in a real session, I have to have a medical professional around, you know, someone who. Who knows cpr, et cetera, so.

Yeah.

Right.

Because these things can be pretty dangerous.

Yeah. And it makes sense. I was wondering why you're putting up all these crazy Instagram videos this week, and now I know why.

That's not. I literally. I literally just got back like nine hours ago, slept a couple hours, and. And here I am. So. So anyways, that being said, that's why I might. Might need a little. A little lift from. From my docky dock sidekick. And what do you think? Shall we jump into these news flashes?

Let's jump into these, man.

So everything you hear Jay and I talk about on today's show, we're going to put over at BenGreenfieldFitness.com402 where we keep some very comprehensive show notes for y'. All. But this is the part of the show where we go over some news flashes, and before I jump into some of the things we're going to talk about regarding plants and animals and plant based milks versus animal based milks, a few other things that I really want to dive into. The first thing is this whole blue zone study that recently hit the fan. Did you see this one, Jay?

Yeah, I saw this. Which kind of like threw me a little bit for a loop until. Until I started thinking a little bit more about it. And I can kind of give you my thoughts on this as we go, but. Yeah, yeah, it's an interesting one.

Yeah. So. So the title of this study was a mouthful. It's a horrible title. Supercentenarians and the oldest old are concentrated into regions with no birth certificates and short life. Essentially what that means is that these reported blue zones, or so called blue zones as they name them in the abstract of the study, might have no credibility behind them because of very poor birth certificates and anthropologic data that was collected. Areas of low incomes, low literacy, high crime rate, poor record keeping, relatively short life expectancy. When we're talking about places like Sardinia and Okinawa and Ikaria. And so this hit the Internet and a bunch of people basically reported that this whole Blue Zone thing is a scam because it comes from areas with very poor record keeping and poor birth certificate keeping. And, and basically that's, that's it in a nutshell, that that's what this report was reporting. But when you look into it a little bit more deeply, there were some issues. So first of all they, they're reporting on these areas where there are so called centenarians. But the whole idea behind the Blue Z, it never claims to be reporting on regions with supercentenarians. And Blue zone areas are actually just places with the highest life expectancy where people can reach their 90s or so with low rates of chronic disease and where they have a high probability to reach 100 years old. And a super centenarian is technically someone who's living 110 years old plus. Right. So the Blue Zones never actually claim to, to be areas where you'd see, you know, folks living like Methuselah as much as people living a pretty dang long time with relatively high health span.

So I think people just made the assumption that it was a place where people, where there was the highest concentration of centenarians. But I think it's a, it's a valuable kind of piece of information to lay out there because I've seen so many people kind of talk about this online as hey, this is a bunch of BS like can take nothing from the Blue zones. And I know you're about to get into this here in a second, but I think that's a completely wrong way to look at this study.

Yeah. And, and when they actually wrote that book, the Blue Zones and Dan Buettner went and did all of his research on this, they actually traveled to this, the all these areas. They didn't do data crunching from afar. They actually visited each of these regions, you know, Sardinian, Okinawa and Low Loma Linda, et cetera. And they checked birth certificates and they cross referenced those with things like church baptism record and local records. And they were like boots on the ground in these regions. They weren't studying anthropologic data from sitting over here in a lab in the United States. So they actually went over to each of these regions and they dove into the civil registrars and they dove into the military registrars and they interviewed people and they dug into actual birth certificates and verified survival status and verified things like rates of chronic disease. And all of this is reported on their website@bluezones.com and also in the book. So they actually did do some pretty good age verification in the blue zones research. And then the other thing is that the abstract of this controversial study that just came out reports relative poverty and short lifespan in these areas. But you can't synonymize poverty with short lifespan because when you look at America and a lot of these westernized societies, people are going to die. And they are dying from diseases of affluence like heart disease and cancer and diabetes. And in many cases poor people are walking more than they're driving. They're in many cases eating more, you know, things like legumes and plants and vegetables from the garden at least especially in poverty stricken areas that aren't westernized. Compared to like more processed foods and fast foods, they're spending more time connecting in their neighborhoods and forming relationships more than they are say, you know, in front of the television or staring at their phones. And so, you know, you again can't just say because people are poor, they're not going to live long because it's often the case that poor people, you know, farmers and ranchers and hunters and gatherers, etc. They're actually engaged in a lifestyle that allows them to live a longer time and have that good combination of health span and lifespan.

That's a good point. Yeah, no, I totally agree with that because I think that we have this notion, especially when we look at American based studies and we see kind of, kind of this, this correlation between poverty and, and kind of poorer health outcomes. And while there are some truths to that, there's always trade offs like the ones that you just mentioned.

Yeah, yeah, so, so once again, as we seem to visit over and over again on this podcast, don't look at a study headline and swallow hook, line and sinker.

So yeah, yeah, and yeah, I was gonna say one last thing too, is that, you know, I know that you've talked about this a lot, is that even, even let's say if all these data were correct and we could take title of that that we see here, there's still so many aspects that we can take from blue zones that we know from other science based research studies are going to be effective, like what you've mentioned here. So it's, it's like, it's the idea of like, we don't want to just take the title for what it is, but we also have to kind of keep in mind that there are always things that we can take from these blue zones that you know, that, that, that are kind of been out there and so, yeah, yeah, it's one of those things that I just, I hate the idea of looking at and then just taking it for what it is.

Yeah, I agree. All right, so now that we've kicked that horse to death, another really interesting study because I'm always, always looking at natural alternatives to pharmaceuticals. And there's one very popular pharmaceutical for diabetes that's now being used as an off label drug and anti aging longevity protocol. And that's of course metformin. So a really great researcher actually has written some really good books and you know, another good researcher that has some great YouTube videos, TED talks and research out there on exercise and longevity. The first being James D. Nicolantonio. I don't even know if I'm pronouncing his last name right, but you can look up some of his books. He's got a great title that he co wrote with Dr. Mercola about healthy fats you could probably find on Amazon. And then Dr. James O' Keefe, who did a lot of the research on kind of like how much exercise is good enough for endurance exercise and then how much is going to cause arterial stiffness or cardiovascular, cardiovascular issues or heart arrhythmias, et cetera. Well, these two guys teamed up and recently put out a report in the journal Open Heart about natural alternatives to metformin. Basically a nutraceutical strategy that would replicate what metformin does for things like metabolic syndrome and cholesterol issues. So what they studied was essentially a, a blend of astaxanthin, which is something that you get from say like krill oil. It's in the super essentials fish oil that I take. You can buy it as a standalone supplement and then they combine that with berberine and red yeast rice. What they found when they looked into the research on these three compounds stacked was when it comes to things like mitochondrial biogenesis, almost like a caloric restriction mimicking protocol, this so called exercise and a pill type of routine that metformin seems to simulate as well. All of that was achieved with this combination of astaxanthin and berberine. And then when you add red yeast rice extract into the mix, it actually improved the metabolic profile when it came to lowering triglycerides and LDL cholesterol and increasing HDL cholesterol in a very similar manner as like a metformin statin combination.

That's pretty incredible.

Yeah, yeah, extremely incredible. So there are a lot of physicians now prescribing metformin or a lot of anti aging enthusiasts taking metformin. And the problem with this that I have a whole article about over on my website is that metformin can suppress your VO2 max. It can, based on recent research, impairments the mitochondrial response to exercise, thus reducing your fitness response. If you're engaged in an exercise regimen, it can cause some issues that could be taken care of via supplementation, like B12 deficiencies, for example. It causes some pretty extreme gut discomfort in people. And it turns out that we can replicate that via natural methods in a very effective manner with things that don't seem to have the same type of impact, particularly astaxanthin, berberine. And there are other things that act very similar to berberine, like bitter melon extract, like organ grapefruit extract, but berberine is probably at the top of the list as far as a pretty effective strategy for this. And then this red yeast rice extract, which has some pretty favorable impacts on metabolic profile, particularly on lipids. So I'll link to this study in the show notes. But you know, we're not just talking about something that could improve metabolic syndrome, but also something that could be added to like an anti aging or longevity stack. And indeed, when I talked to Dr. Sandra Kaufman when I interviewed her on the podcast a few weeks ago, like astaxanthin, I think it was astaxanthin and nad were at the top of the list of natural supplements in her book about longevity as far as things that hit almost every pathway of improving healthspan and lifespan simultaneously.

So super interesting.

It wasit was pretty cool to read this and you know, again, people are out there taking metformin. I'm not a doctor, don't misconstrue this as medical advice. But it turns out that this would be a pretty cool herbal protocol to look into.

I would, I would totally agree. I think that it's super interesting that you can have the nutraceutical effects and not have the pharmaceutical side effects. And one of the things that I wanted to add ask you about Ben, is that I've done berberine, done astaxanthin and I'm gonna just say done. I take those actually on a regular daily basis. But the red yeast rice extract or red. Is it red yeast rice?

What is it again?

Yeah, Ryr ryr. Is that something that you get just like in powder form, encapsulated? I haven't even seen that.

Yeah, I mean you can buy in a capsule, you can buy in powder. I'm not necessarily convinced that that modulating cholesterol in someone who does not have, say, familial hypercholesteremia or some pretty significant say like high levels of particle counts, for example, I'm not convinced that red yeast rice extract is necessary and that lowering LDL cholesterol should be the holy grail for improving metabolic profile because there's not a lot of evidence that that in isolation is a true cardiovascular risk factor. But, you know, stacking astaxanthin and berberine appears to be a pretty cool combination for anti aging. And then if you have lipid issues or if you have familial hypercholesteremia, et cetera, adding red yeast rice extract on top of that could also be a good strategy compared to say, taking metformin and a statin.

So, yeah, yeah, no, I would absolutely agree with that because I think with the ryr, I would be concerned with myself without a history of hypercholester hypercholesterolemia. Oh, geez. Yeah. With that high cholesterol, genetic form of high cholesterol, I would be afraid of lowering my LDL too much. And so, so I might just try the, the berberine and the astaxanthin combination.

Yep. Cool. We'll link to that one in the show notes as well. And then here's a cool, cool study that came out for those of you who are into the whole minimal effective dose of exercise time type of protocol. This was recently in the Journal of Strength Conditioning Research. And what they did was they compared high frequency weight training with low frequency weight training to see if there was any difference between the two when it came to increasing muscle mass and strength. And even more interestingly, they did this in trained individuals. A lot of these studies are done in untrained individuals who are going to respond to just about any exercise protocol. But this was done in trained individuals, in this case men. And what they did was they compared working out at a low frequency versus working out at a high frequency. And I just realized because I subscribed to this journal, it's four feet away from me in my office, so I'm going to duck away from my microphone here and grab it so I can tell folks about it.

Do it.

Oh, I'm back. So this study. Let me, let me see which page this was on. We're opening the kimono for those of you listening in as I scroll through this. Yeah, page 2104. Here we go. So I want to tell you the exact protocol that they did, because a lot of the news outlets that reported on this study, they didn't talk about the actual protocol, but the folks who are training at a low frequency, they were working out twice a week on a Monday and a Thursday. And what they were doing was kind of like a push protocol on a Monday. And it was bench press, dumbbell fly cable, triceps, back squat and leg extension. And then they were doing a pull routine on Thursday, lat pull down, straight arm, pull down, bicep curl and leg curl. Now the group that was doing the high frequency, they were doing a push pull protocol too, but they were pushing on Monday, pulling on Tuesday, pushing on Thursday, pulling on Friday. Right. So it was a Monday, Thursday push pull protocol versus a Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday push pull protocol. What they in a nutshell found was that there was almost an identical improvement in both strength and muscle mass between the two groups. Although of course the group that was training twice a week was spending twice as much time in the gym. So the, the thing that I, I think people need to know about that they didn't do a very good job of reporting in the news was these were some pretty intensive weight training protocols. Both the, the, or not both the groups, but the, the low frequency group, they were doing eight sets, like eight sets of bench press. Eight sets.

That's a ton, man.

Sets of tri. Yeah, they were doing a lot of sets. And the group that was doing the lower or the higher frequency protocol, they were only doing four sets. Right. So we aren't talking about a lower volume of training, we're talking about a lower frequency of training. So think of this as spending two hours in the gym on Monday and Thursday or spending one hour in the gym on Monday, Tuesday, Thursday and Friday day. So yes, you can get the same results with low frequency training as high frequency training, but you need to understand that that low frequency training is going to be twice as long. Right, right. So, so it was, it was a cool study. I mean, for people who, who are working hard and maybe have just two days a week with a longer period of time to be able to hit the gym, fine, go do it. But don't think that you can get away with say like the, the same time length of training as you could with training more days of the week. And I'm personally just from a, from a pure metabolic, blood sugar management, movement standpoint, I'm into moving more frequently, lower volume than I am into just crushing myself a couple of times a week. So I, I still think that this, this is not necessarily minimal effective dose of exercise as much as, you know, the same dose of exercise just compressed into a, you know, just a couple of days a week, if that makes sense.

Yeah, no, that makes total sense. I would just be worried on the low frequency days doing that many sets all at once that time frame, I'd just be worried about more proneness to injury just because I would be so gassed doing eight to 12 sets of bench press that I would be afraid that I'd just kind of overdo it and then end up injuring myself because I was trying to push too hard.

Hard, yeah. Or just pissing Coca Cola from Rabdo. Like you can do some serious muscle damage, but you know, ultimately, let's just say that you are super busy and there's just like one or two days a week where you can hit the gym, just go crush it, you know, really hard for a really long time. And you could actually simulate the same effects as, you know, if you hit the gym five times during the week. So interesting study, but once again, you know, don't swallow hook, line and sinker when you see the news headlines that say, hey, training twice a week is just as good as training four times a week. So yeah, there's that. Now I also wanted to cover a few studies that came out, really more articles than studies, but reports on this whole meat versus vegetable thing, both when it comes to milk, but also when it comes to greenhouse gases, when it comes to vegetarianism versus a carnivore diet. So I'll link to all of these articles in the show notes because they were all pretty interesting. But the first was about whether or not animal agriculture actually affects our climate as intensively as some would claim that it is. Because there's a lot of advocates that are urging folks to eat less meat to save the environment or even taxing meats to reduce the consumption of it to save the environment.

Please don't.

The, the issue here is that, you know, one of the, the bad raps that meat gets is based on the assertion that livestock is the biggest source of greenhouse gases worldwide. And that's simply not true. There's often the comparison made to livestock versus transportation, and they'll say that, you know, livestock produces more greenhouse gases than do cars, for example. But it's kind of a misconception because when you look at agriculture and compare that to animal agriculture, basically animal agriculture will produce about 4% of total greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. and when you look at growing plants and the electricity, the transportation and the industry necessary for agriculture versus animal agriculture, it's actually closer to 9%. So we see almost double the amount of greenhouse gas emissions with growth of Crops versus growth of cattle. So that's one issue is that some of the reporting is not that accurate.

Well, people don't think about the production related issues.

You're right.

I mean the utilization of so many production tools for, for agriculture is just astronomical and that's why it's going to upregulate kind of the, the amount of emissions that are produced.

Yeah. And when you look at transportation's carbon footprint, they ignore impacts from manufacturing the vehicle material and parts. They ignore assembling vehicles and maintaining roads and bridges and airports. All they look out is the exhaust emitted by the cars, the trucks, the trains in the plains and not the greenhouse gas produced by the actual production of those. So that, that's another issue. When you say like transportation produces far less greenhouse gases than say like livestock productions, it's simply an inaccurate comparison. And they delve into this in this article that I'll link to in the show. Notes. The, the other issue is that a lot of people will say if we give up meat, we could save the climate, but there's some issues with that as well. So if, if all Americans eliminated all animal proteins from their diets, we would reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by about 2 1/2 percent. And it's really not that significant. And when you look at population growth worldwide and the projected need for meat and per capita meat consumption, there's going to be a huge shortage of food if we decide to tax meat heavily or somehow make meat production lower due to the potential for greenhouse gas emission. And you know, I'll get into shortly a different article that kind of goes into grass fed versus feedlot beef. But, but what's interesting is that meat is far more nutrient dense per serving than any vegetarian or plant based option. All meat is far more nutrient dense. So we can actually get, per whatever you want to call it, acre of grass fed or grazing land, far more calories, far more nutrients to feed far more people than we can from plants, period. And Paul Saladino and I discussed this, this quite a bit, you know, when I, when I did kind of a Carnivore podcast episode with him about this idea that, you know, plant food is, you know, it's essentially poor food that requires far more land, far more acreage to grow enough nutrients and calories to feed as many people as the equivalent amount of livestock, especially if that livestock is raised in a manner that takes into consideration the soil and the planet and a lot of other considerations that come to how we actually raise those animals. Which gets into this other article that was Actually it appeared on NPR's website and it went into the difference between grass fed beef and feedlot beef. And this was also really, really interesting because when you look at the environmental argument for grass fed beef, you know, they, they actually do produce a little bit more methane. Which incidentally, if, if you feed, you know, any, anything like a cow or a goat or a chicken, a little bit of seaweed along with their feed, you, you can actually reduce methane production significantly. Same thing can be said.

Oh really?

For humans. You know, if you give humans activated charcoal or, or spirulina or chlorella, like the amount of, of methanogenic bacteria activity decreases significantly, which is a good trick if you're ever hopping on a plane and concerned about gas. You pop some activated charcoal, you take some spirulina or some chlorella, or you do that after you have a meal that's heavy in beans or cruciferous vegetables. And it can control that quite a bit, but can do so in cattle or really any animal as well. But it's interesting because even though a grass fed cow, for example, is going to produce more methane, the actual carbon that sequestered through the process of things like, you know, like what the, what the Savory Institute teaches, which is, you know, rotating the areas where animals are grazing and using more sustainable agriculture practices and doing a lot of things that lower the environmental footprint. And then when you look at the fact that the grass, grass fed beef is healthier, it's more concentrated in nutrients, etc. You actually see lower carbon emissions overall. When you look at grass fed versus feedlot beef, you see better landscape health, you see better soil health, and you see a much, much more favorable impact on the planet versus feedlot beef. So, you know, again, this comes down to taking into account consideration a lot more than just something like methane production or something like, you know, comparing the growth of plants to feeding cattle. You have to look at everything from the amount of transportation that's required, you have to look at, you know, what the actual impact on the planet is, etc. But it turns out that overall, when it comes to the health of the environment and when it comes to feeding more people and when it comes to carbon sequestration, am I saying that right? Sequestration.

Sequestration sounds about right to me. Let's go with it.

I don't know, I'm just gonna make up words. Grass fed livestock production is the way to go. And I think if everybody were to do something like, you know, grow a few of their own plants On a patio or a backyard or whatever, you know, raise a few chickens, buy grass fed beef. When they can get their hands on grass fed beef, it'd be just far better for the planet and affect much, much greater change versus a combination of feedlot beef and or vegetarianism and large, large acreages that are used for agricultural production. So. And there, there are companies or organizations like the Savory Institute, for example, or you can look into, you know, any of the books or the work by Joel Salatin that make a, they take a much deeper dive into this.

So yeah, yeah, great points. I would say too, that I know a while back Rob Wolf wrote a kind of like I guess a report on this. It might even have been a rebuttal to that movie what the Health and talked a lot about the information that you've listed here and discussed. So if anybody wants to Google his article, I'm sure it's flying around there. But I remember it just, it was a really potent one. And the other thing, Ben, little known fact actually is, did you know about 10 to 15% of greenhouse emissions are actually protein. Protein based bodybuilding flatulence.

What do you mean protein based bodybuilding flatulence?

I'm totally just kidding. I was bodybuilding farts.

Oh, bodybuilding farts. Oh my gosh, dude. When I was a bodybuilder and I go to those shows, you step onto an elevator, it smelled like a bunch of animals died. Yeah, bodybuilding farts are so bad. Yeah, I think I, I think I did some pretty significant impact to my gut back in the day when I was having, having you know, four cans of tuna fish for dinner and five ABB bodybuilding whey protein shakes per day. I just, I can't even eat away protein bar or like smell away protein shake now without getting gaseous. It's horrible.

Yeah, it's. No, it's pretty bad. Yeah, I used to take like about 75 to 100 grams of whey protein after workout and it was the worst thing of my. I would have to go lay down in like the fetal position for an hour or two because I felt so bad.

Yeah. If I ever went back and did bodybuilding again, I would basically do a largely ketogenic approach, like high calorie ketogenic approach with a little bit of a carb refeed, like a clean carb refeed in the evening. And then I just eat like 40 grams of either amino acids or collagen a day instead of whey protein. And I bet I could just get swole maybe I'll do that. Oh yeah, Somebody just dare me. And then finally, plant based milks versus animal based milks. This one's interesting because a lot of people will drink like soy milk, almond milk, oat milk, rice milk, etc. Because they think they're better for the environment. But when you actually look at the nutritional value of these, they can be anywhere from 30 to 50% lower as far as the actual nutritional quality and the absorptability of the plant based proteins. Proteins compared to an animal proteins. You have to, you have to sacrifice far more plants, use far more soil, you know, kill more small rodents as you're, you're, you know, growing all of these plants and agriculture based compounds to create the milk and getting far less nutrients per ounce when you're feeding these to people. So when, when you take into consideration the greenhouse gas footprint of plant based milks like oat and almond and rice and soy versus animal based milk. Animal based milk far and above is better for the environment and is far more nutrient dense. And I realize that a lot of people might be lactose intolerant or you know, may just not do well with like a, like a cow based milk. And there are even there, there are ways around that. And you know, for example, many, many people who can't process cow milk do just fine with goat milk or camel milk or you know, people will snicker at this, but it's extremely nutrient dense. Water buffalo milk. You know, I personally still don't do that well with milk and so I just consume like any form of dairy that I consume, I consume it either fermented or I do okay if it's raw because with a raw milk a lot of the proteins are combined with the fat globules and less likely to cross the blood gut barrier and you know, wind up causing any type of autoimmune issues. So sometimes it depends on the way that you consume the actual milk, whether it's fermented or whether it's raw, etc. But ultimately plant based milks are not better for the environment once you consider the nutrient density and what you consider the damage to the environment from actually growing all the plants. So yeah, three different articles on plant based milks versus animal based milks, on feedlot cattle versus grass fed cattle, and on the environmental impact of animal agriculture versus versus, you know, something like a plant based agricultural approach. So, you know, these three articles I think were the best I've read recently. Recently on, on this whole idea behind what's better for the environment. You know, animals versus plants. And I really do think that animals are getting a much better wrap than they deserve. Especially like a natural, grass fed, sustainable approach to, to raising animals for food.

Agreed. Do you know how many almonds it takes? I mean, do you just happen to know how many almonds it takes to make like a glass of almond milk?

A sh. A ton. Because my wife makes almond milk sometimes.

Yeah, I figured it'd have to be a ton. Like, like, do you, do you happen to know, like, weight wise, is it like a pound of almonds in order to make like a glass of milk?

Well, I just said a ton, so.

Okay, gotcha.

Right.

So, yeah, I mean, I guess it's a ton because, I mean, I guess 2,000.

2,000 pounds of so. So, yeah. Anyways, those are the news flashes for this week. Go to BenGreenfieldFitness.com402 to check them out and get more.

Hey, Ben, this is Kevin calling from San Rafael, California. I like you also like to eat a lot of tendons, cartilage, bone marrow, stuff like that. I'm wondering if that's as an effective way of getting the nutrients as doing a bone broth, say, pressure cooking the same bones for two, three hours and drinking the broth from there. Thanks a lot. Appreciate your, your, your expertise and response.

Well, Jay, I don't know if I ever told you this, I think I may have mentioned on podcast before, but occasionally, like, I'll make a beer can chicken out on the Traeger grill where I literally just like shove a beer can up the butt of a chicken after I've emptied about half the beer out, poked a few holes in the top.

That's like what you see down in my, my country. The Southern, Southern lions do so good.

You get like such good and you can, you don't have, have to use beer. You could use, you know, I don't know if you could use Zevia soda, whatever, but it's the moisture that comes out of the can that really gives it the flavor. I've never done it with anything except beer. But anyway, so I'll make that or my wife will occasionally like make a roast chicken. We always take the carcass right after we've eaten it and we make bone broth out of that. But what I'll do is I'll take all of the bones after we've made the bone broth and I saved them because those bones are so moist and you can almost chew through the entire bone. You can suck the marrow out. I'll save the bones and cook them up in a cast iron skillet with a little bit of olive oil. And I'll throw some, some pepper or some turmeric or some sea salt on there, you know, drizzle a little bit of, like, primal kitchen dressing on there. And it's like, I will literally eat a pile of bones for lunch sometimes.

I thought you were gonna say you did it for dessert. I was like, that sounds like some great dessert. After you're done eating your roast chicken.

No, I have not yet made bone ice cream, but. But bones themselves, they're highly nutritious. I annoy people at restaurants sometimes because, like, I'll go out to a. Like a bistro and get one of those Mary's organic chickens, and I'll sit there and eat it. But I actually gnaw that, like, the knuckles off the ends of each bone, then suck the marrow out. And, like, I, I absolutely love bones. Like, once you get used to it and you kind of get past the fact that, that, you know, people look at you funny when you're, you know, holding a bone and eating it, like finger food, like, it' sit's a great way to eat, and it results in less food waste because you're getting every last bit of nutrition out of that animal. Butbut bones are. Theythey have collagen. That's the main thing. When you cook the collagen, it turns into gelatin, which is a really great source of amino acids, the building blocks of protein. And then the bone marrow itself is very high in iron and vitamin A and K fatty acid, selenium, zinc, manganese. And when you add other ingredients to a bone broth, like vegetables, for example, you add additional nutrients that just ferment in that stock pot along with the water. It's a wonderful, wonderful way to just mainline nutrients into your body. It's like drinking vitamins. But you can get a lot of that from just chewing the knuckles and sucking the marrow out of the bones. Now, they've shown that this gelatin can break down into collagen in the body. And there are studies that show that gelatin supplementation directly increases the amount of collagen in tissues. So it's wonderful for the joints, especially for athletes. There was another study in the Journal of Nutrition that actually looked at the collagen from the connective tissue of chickens and showed a significant improvement in knee joint pain, especially in people with osteoarthritis. So it has kind of a healing effect as well on the joints, or at least an anti Pain effect. There was a study on glutamine, which is an amino acid in very high concentrations in bone broth. And they found that it helped to heal the intestinal barrier in both, both human and animal models. And people with inflammatory bowel disease were also shown to be able to get a lot of benefits out of glutamine. Now some people will have bone broth prior to sleep. There was another study that the glycine that you're going to find in bone broth helps to improve deep sleep levels. So this could be another strategy if your deep sleep scores. If you're measuring that with something like an OURA ring, for example, a cup of, of bone broth with dinner, or, you know, chewing a little bit of the knuckles off that bone of chicken when you're, when you're having roast chicken for dinner, you're getting access to the glycine, which can help with sleep.

Does wonders for the sleep.

Yeah, very high in protein while being relatively low in calories. You know, when I drink bone broth, because what I do is if my wife hasn't made bone broth during the week, I drink a carton of that Kettle and fire stuff. And I've actually so good. My wife has been making bone broth lately, so I drink a whole carton of Kettle and fire, which is actually, they, they're one of the few companies that combines marrow bones with organic vegetables and then they filter it through steel kettles, they slow, simmer it for 24 hours. So you get a ton of nutrients and collagen and amino acids soaking into the broth and then they, they ship it to your house. And just drinking one carton of this stuff and it's extremely shelf stable. Yeah, you can, you can almost feel it in your gut as soon as you drink it. So not. So I think this is an advertisement for kettle and fire. But, but I drink a lot of bone broth and I swear, like, it helps with sleep, it helps with joints. Ton of benefits. But I also chew bones, so I'm getting the best of both worlds. Now, there's one interesting study that appeared in the Journal of Cell Metabolism that shows that there's actually an effect on the endocrine system too. The bone marrow that you're going to find in bone broth, or when you like chew into a bone and suck the marrow out or, you know, order bone marrow at a restaurant that comes out of the femur bone of the animal that actually helps you to produce something called adiponectin. It's a significant Source of the hormone adiponectin. And that helps to maintain insulin sensitivity, it helps to break down fats. It's been linked to DNA, decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes and obesity associated cancers. So there's actually a very interesting effect on the endocrine system that relatively new research has shown that you're going to get from particularly the marrow in bone. It's called bone marrow adipose tissue. And that's a source of adiponectin, which is something that helps out a lot of humans from an endocrine function and a metabolic stabilization standpoint. So that's another benefit to either chewing the bones or sucking the marrow out of the bones. So, yeah, I mean, you're getting a ton of benefits out of chewing, but you're not getting the enormous concentrations of collagen, gelatin, amino acids, acids, some of the extra nutrients you'll get from the vegetables. If you're throwing vegetables into the bone broth, you aren't getting the hydrating effect of the bone broth itself when you're just eating the bones versus making the bone broth. So in my opinion, you get the best of both worlds, right? You make your, yeah, most definitely chicken or whatever. You eat whatever of the bones you can. You make bone broth after that to get even more of the goodness from the bones. And you know, then you, you cook up what's left over in a cast iron skillet like I do and actually eat the rest of the bones and you're going to get a ton of benefits. But yeah, I mean, like I, I chew bones all the time. I dig them, I get strange looks. But man, I'm like, I'm, I'm super into bones.

Strange looks are well worth it. When you do Kettle and Fire, do you order the chicken broth or do you like a beef broth?

I get half chicken, half beef. So I just order the bone boxes and I get one box of chicken, one box of beef. And they, they have like, they have a whole bunch of different flavors like turmeric, ginger and mushroom, chicken and coconut curry. They're doing soups now. They've got like keto soups. So I'll put, I'll put a link to, to Kellen Fire in the show notes. People are too lazy to make bone broth. But yeah, yeah, eat the bones. They're good.

Go eat the bones, drink the broth. You know, I, I at first had like such a repulsion to like eating tendons, cartilage, sucking out bone marrow. But now it's just, it's one of my favorite things. And I hated bone broth. The first time I tried it. I was a little bit of a baby about it and I could only do chicken. I could not do beef, but now I actually prefer beef.

Yeah? Yup. Soso. Yes. Yes on the bone broth.

Hey, Ben. After being introduced to a low carb, high fat diet and intermittent fasting several years ago, I found it quite easy to to maintain an ideal body weight between 160 and 170 pounds. Most of my body is pretty lean, but when I measure my stomach fat using a caliper, I come in around 15%. I've always heard that belly fat is one of the last places men lose fat. But I'd rather not drop to 145 pounds just to see abs. There seems to be a community of people online who believe you can spot reduce fat. Do you think that's possible? And if so, what techniques would you recommend? Thanks.

So can you spot reduce? This one's interesting because they actually did a study on this. Like if you could exercise one body part and actually lose fat in that one body part. So they had like one group train one leg using the leg press exercise. And they did this for 12 weeks, three times per week. They were just doing leg press exercise with one leg.

And it's like that movie lady in the Water of your. Ever seen that one where the guy only works out one arm so he's jacked on like one side and got a baby little skinny arm on the other. Yeah, that's what it sounds like.

No, it sounds pretty effed up. It was, yeah. No, I never trained like that. I, I'm, I'm almost like OCD when I train. Like if one muscle doesn't feel like it's getting as exhausted as the other muscle, you know, I, I, for example, I use like those blood, blood flow restriction bands sometimes when I train. If one just feels like slightly tighter than the other, I'll mess around with them and make them just perfect. Like if, like I, I'm totally symmetrical with all my training, such a neurotic perfection. I'm very neurotic. I, I rank very high on the perfectionist score on my, my enneagram evaluation. Anyways though, the, these folks are doing like 900 to 1200 repetitions of the leg press exercise with just that one leg in a training session. So we're talking about very high rep rep with the leg press exercise with just one leg. And despite that enormous number of repetitions, that one leg, they were Training didn't lose any more fat at all than the leg that wasn't exercising. Now the people were losing fat, but the fat was actually coming from their trunk and their arms, not their leg. So long were they not losing more fat in one leg than the other. But the fat was coming from somewhere completely different. That study was called Regional fat change is induced by localized Muscle Endurance Resistance training. So essentially the fancy scientific name for spot reduction is regional fat changes. And they didn't see anything in this study.

So I would not have predicted that.

Yeah, the reason for that is, you know, when, when you exercise, especially if you're exercising to reduce fat, your body tends to mobilize fat from different regions. You know, particularly it'll use the fatter on the waistline quite significantly, but it's, it's not going to spot reduce in one specific area if you're using just an exercise strategy. Now that being said, there are a lot of newer kind of like medical methods that can spot reduce and I didn't have time before this podcast and I felt bad because I know for a fact that I tweeted this out. I forget where I tweeted it out. I couldn't find the tweet. But I had found a research study recently that looked into a form of electrical muscle stimulation. Trying to remember what it was. No, it wasn't electro muscle stimulation. It was hyperthermia. Right. Like localized heat treatment. It was pulsed shortwave diathermy. Pulsed shortwave diathermy. I think I remember that correctly. And what they found was that with pulsed shortwave diathermy they could actually get a little bit of a spot reduction effect. And this was like a localized heat treatment. And very similarly they've also shown with this coolsculpting which is like an FDA clear, they call it cryolipolysis that, that actually can destroy fat cells in a localized area. Area. It's expensive. It's like 750 bucks per treatment.

I know. It is crazy expensive. And doesn't like a plastic surgeon have to perform that procedure?

Yeah, I think so. It has to be. You can't just buy one of these for your house. There's another one called Zerona, which is an FDA cleared cold laser technology and very similar to coolsculpting, this can actually cause localized fat loss. Now I suspect even though I haven't tried this and I haven't found any studies on it, that some of these things like, like the, like the cool fat burner vest or the, or the cool gut burner device that you wear around your waist that you pack cold into. I suspect you could probably spot reduce with any of those if you were to apply them in localized areas like wrap the cool gut burner around your, your thigh instead of your abs for example. But I haven't seen any studies and I haven't tried that myself. But based on the fact that coolsculpting and this Zerona cold laser technology can both, both burn fat in localized areas or, or cause fat reduction or lipolysis in localized areas, I suspect you could probably kind of like hack something like that together at home. It's just like a cold treatment as long as you could do it without burning the skin, which I think would be the biggest risk. There's another one called sculp. Sure. That you could look up. S C U L P. Sure. And that's also an FDA cleared device that is used almost like a hyperthermic laser. So this one would again be like a heat based treatment. And a lot of these take a while. We're talking like six to 12 weeks to get the full effect. I question whether you might just be able to get the same thing through full body exercise.

Oh yeah.

And you know, go, go at it that way, you know, hell of a lot cheaper. Oh yeah, yeah. Versus, versus, you know, spot reduction. So that's another thing that you could look into, you know, liposuction and thigh lifts and things like that. You know, again, like using surgery, I'm not a huge fan of. There's also something that's called ultra shape and that's an FDA approved ultrasound technology and that's used to treat fat on the hips or the thighs or the upper arms or the belly. And that also has been shown to be effective for diet reduction or I'm sorry, for, for spot reduction. But stepping back and looking at this big picture, I think a lot of people are just psychologically in the wrong place if they're going after spot reduction in a specific area. Like you were built a specific way. There are a variety of different body shapes. Some people are going to have bigger calves, some people are, as they age, are going to develop more fat in the thighs or around the waist or in the upper neck. And I mean, yeah, I think everybody should be physically active, should exercise, should have some amount of caloric restrictions, restriction or periods of intermittent fasting and should just move functionally throughout the day with some amount of attention paid to how much food they're stuffing into their gaping maw. And then at that point just let your body be the best body. It's going to be based on your genetics and whatever you inherited from your parents, rather than trying to have the thighs that your next door neighbor has or, you know, have the calves that your favorite celebrity or athlete has or.

You know, the abs of Ben Greenfield.

Waistline that you crave. Yeah, like, I have a tiny waist. I just do. Like, I have a tiny waist and big shoulders the way I was built. And you know, and, and I'm pretty happy about that. But I also have pretty skinny calves. Right. And sometimes I'll, I'll see somebody walking around just like rippling calves. I'll be like, man, I wish, I wish I would have had those calves. And I was body but building or, you know, I wish I had the vert that that person probably gets from their calves. But you know what? That's the wrong way to think. And, you know, I'm not, I'm not gonna go get calf implants in the same way that I don't think somebody who's got like big old thunder thighs should go after some kind of a spot reduction protocol for their thighs. That's how you were built, right? Great. You can squat more, you can leg press more. You probably have a very strong foundation if you're gonna play football or, you know, engage in a sport where you need to have stronger legs. So, I mean, just don't have that grass is always greener syndrome. And be happy with, with the way that your body is built to a certain extent. Like I, even though I'm telling you about some of these, you know, medical protocols you can use like coolsculpting and zerona and Ultra shape, etc, I mean, think about how many people in your local community you could feed by taking those $4,000 you can gonna spend on 12 weeks of coolsculpting to fix that little bit of fat in your thighs that annoys you.

Yeah.

And just be happy with your body and go, move, go physically exercise, you know, restrict calories to a certain extent, live healthy, and then let your body be the body that God gave you, you know?

Yeah, no, I totally agree. I think one thing too, Ben, that I was thinking about as we were talking about this is that I'll have a lot of patients who come to me in clinic and they're, you know, not, not happy with kind of the shape they're in. And they're kind of interested in, let's say, gastric bypass surgery. They're interested in kind of these quick fix weight loss kind of mechanisms without kind of engaging in behavioral change. And so some people will go out and do cool sculpting, do kind of all these things that cost a lot of money and don't require a ton of time and effort necessarily. And then yes, it works for a little bit of time, but because behavioral change wasn't made made or because to their motivation is just so way off in this aspect, they end up either just gaining the weight back or they don't feel really good about what they did. And so I think you speak to kind of just kind of a key component of what it is to be human, which is kind of looking at what is our motivation for doing this. Are we doing this because, yes, we want to see our abs and look like, you know, the centerfold model, or are we doing this because we truly care about our health and our well being and we want to feel as optimally as we can. So it's a question we all have to ask ourselves.

Yeah. And one interesting thing just, just for people who are interested in like physiology and performance is that you can glycogen deplete in specific areas. And this is something, for example that like a, like I know that the Tour de France cyclists will do this sometimes is you can exercise specific muscles and glycogen deplete that muscle and then reload it at the end of the exercise to cause specific growth in that muscle area. So for example, like you can go on, let's say you want to build your legs but not your upper body or you know, build your upper body but not your legs, you can actually go and do an exhaustive exercise protocol for the upper body or an exhaustive exercise protocol for the lower body body in a fasted state or in a low carbohydrate state. And then after that exercise protocol, reload on carbohydrates and you'll get muscle growth in that specific area that you worked. And that's an interesting. For people who want like a bigger upper body and a smaller lower body or they feel like their legs are bigger than their upper body or their upper body is bigger than their legs, you actually just train in a low carb state, then refuel with a high carb post workout feed and you can actually get muscle growth in that specific area while the area that you didn't train doesn't get the muscle growth. So that is something that actually has been looked at in physiology and it's kind of a cool little trick for people who do want to tweak their, tweak their physiology. It's not, you know, spot reduction per se. As muscle as much as, like, you know, like muscle spot growth. But that's kind of a cool strategy, too, so.

Yeah, it is cool.

Yeah. All right. What do you think? One more question? Question.

Let's do one more.

Hi, Ben. Mark here, longtime listener, amateur biohacker. A good friend of mine just got in a really serious car accident, and she's been told she has some minor brain damage that's going to be permanent and some spinal injuries. And I was thinking back to some interviews you've had with Rhonda Patrick and some other experts. And I knew there was some nutritional advice that you gave regarding brain injuries, but I've only been able to find some of them. Could you give a brief summary of what you would advise for a recovery program nutritionally? Thanks so much, man. Bye.

Man, oh, man, oh, man. I have a. I have a lot for this. I have a lot for the TBI concussion issue because, frankly, again, even though I'm not a doc, don't misconstrue this as medical advice. I do. I do a lot of consults and a lot of coaching and a lot of personal work with people who have had head injuries, TBIs, concussions. And it's a passion of mine. Like, I really like to help people with this issue or at least connect them with solutions. And I have a lot of them. And I've done interviews in many cases with people who have put out really good books and have really good information on kind of a multimodal approach to TBI and concussion issues. Like, Dr. Dan Engel is one. He wrote the Concussion Repair Manual. And it's a very comprehensive manual when it comes to pulling out all the stops, you know, from plant medicine to hyperbaric therapy for managing, you know, TBI concussion issues. And, you know, that one's called the concussion repair Manual. I have also interviewed a couple of guys in New York City who have some really good protocol protocols for concussion. What I'll do is I'll just collect all the podcasts I've ever done on concussions and tbi. Probably the two. The two areas that I've done the most amount of podcasts on when it comes to medical issues is cancer and concussions. For some reason, I think it's just because I'm personally interested in both of those. But I've had a lot of interviews on both of those issues, so I'll put a link to all of those in the show. Notes. But recently I had a friend who had a pretty significant concussion. He was actually doing like a WIM HOF off breath work protocol and passed out, fainted. Oh really? Why? You should always be like laying on your back or sitting cross legged and never underwater if you're doing WIM HOF breath training. Yeah, yeah, he got a pretty significant concussion and I was actually at his house a couple of days after he got it and you know, we were talking about this and he eventually, you know, wrote, wrote over to me because he's a really smart, intelligent, connected guy and he put together, you know, he talked to a ton of different physicians and doctors and you know, visited with me for a while and put together a very comprehensive multimodal protocol that I think was really good. And you know, I took notes on that and I collected a bunch of other protocols that I've looked at and I'm gonna, I'm gonna walk Mark and the rest of the listeners through exactly what I would do if I wanted to pull out all the stops to repair my brain as fast as possible. And interestingly, many of these tactics are the same ones that could be used to stave off dementia or, or Alzheimer's or to just enhance cognition in general. Nice.

Give it to them, man.

So here we go. And I'm gonna put this full list over in the shownotes too@bengreenfieldfitness.com 402So first of all, you want a little bit of sensory deprivation, so a lot of sleep and doing nothing in a dark room, like no tv, no reading, no typing, just being in a dark room or with a full darkness eye mask like a mind fold and you just basically cut yourself off from high amount of sensory and neurotransmitter stimulation. When you are out and about, you use blue light blocking glasses, like orange tinted or red tinted glasses or sunglasses and you're essentially just blocking out light and stimulation as much as possible. The same thing with sound as much as possible possible. Use noise blocking headphones, use earplugs, limit your, your access to music, to MP3s, to podcasts, to emails, to technology. You essentially just want to cut yourself off from stimulus. And I would do this for a good two to three days after the concussion so you're not over stimulating your brain. Blue light blocking, especially on monitors and on your phone, I would put blue light blocking software like, like flux on the phone. I'll put Iris, which is a really good blue light blocking software on all the monitors and that also can really help. And I do that anyways. And you know, all my clients, everyone I help out with, just general sleep issues, etcetera we all do that. You know the blue light blocking technology. Oh, yeah. Vagus nerve stimulation, that. That can help out quite a bit with settling down some of the. Some of the nerve issues that happen from a concussion or a T. TBI So there's the new calm device. There's also the circadia device made by Fisher Wallace. Both of those forms of vagus nerve stimulation can be very effective. So I'll get a vagal nerve stimulator and use that. I would also use what's called low level. I think it's lllt. It's low level light therapy. Low level light therapy.

Yeah. I think it used to be laser, but then it's turned to light now because most of them are literally.

I don't know, I'm sleep deprived. I'm useless.

I got your back, buddy.

Thank you. But the VI Lite. So Vi Lite makes two devices, one called an alpha, one called a gamma. It's a combination of intranasal and cranial light stimulation. And I own one. I did that this morning, actually, because I was so sleep deprived and felt like I had a lot of neural inflammation. So their gamma device is more powerful. It's the one that has more research on it for things like, like dementia and Alzheimer's and brain inflammation. So I think the gamma's a little bit better. That's a 40, 40 Hertz stimulus.

Dual one.

Yeah. Oh, they have two.

Yeah, well, they actually have a dual one where you can get it and it has both alpha and gamma built in. It's like another 500 bucks. So instead of like, you know, paying whatever it is, $1500 for two of them, it's just an extra $500 and you get both gamma and alpha now.

Cool. Cool. I dig it. All right, so. So low level light therapy, The Vi Lite is the device that I like for that. If you have access to a float tank or sensory deprivation chamber, using that daily in addition to just blocking yourself off from the world for a few days, that daily float tank use can be very effective as well. Really good research behind float tank use and sensory deprivation and management of TBI concussions. So that's something you look. Look up in your local community. In addition to hyperbaric oxygen therapy, that. That one is incredibly effective. Doing hyperbaric oxygen therapy chamber, 30 to 40 sessions is typically what it takes. So we're talking about like, daily in that thing for an hour to an hour and a half. But if you can hunt one down, some companies will sell them, like, portable ones that you can use for your house. But hbot, that's very, very healing. Healing for the brain, ceiling for the body as well, tissue injuries, etc. But I would definitely look up HBOT also full on ketosis, definitely a strict ketotic diet for at least four weeks after the injury has occurred. And that would include the use of ketone esters or ketone salts, like supplementing with ketone esters or ketone salts in addition to a full ketogenic diet. That would be a non negotiable for me if I ever had.

Would you just go straight carnivore then?

No, I, I wouldn't, I wouldn't necessarily eliminate plants. I think that there are some benefits to the antioxidants and the phytonutrients that you're going to get from a plant based protocol. But it would be a plant rich ketogenic diet. I would not go full carnivore because I've seen more evidence that a plant rich ketogenic diet is good for the brain. Tbi, concussion, neural inflammation compared to a carnivore diet and agreed. I just think it's gonna be, it's gonna be better. As a matter of fact, I'll link to it in the show notes. But my buddy actually developed this comprehensive brain enhancing shake and it's just like, it's a ton of different, like mushrooms, some of the alkaloids and mushrooms can be very healing for the brain. Some different probiotics, spirulina, chlorella, some different greens, sprouts, etc. Kind of like a, well, I mean as the name implies, a brain shake. So I'll, I'll put a link to that full thing in the show notes but it's, it's really just designed for neural inflammation to heal the brain and it does have plants in it. So, so yeah, and, and he was, he was having that daily, I believe a couple of other things when it comes to, you know, more fringe things. And I realize some of these things are more expensive, you don't have to do them all. But again like if you just wanted to pull out all the stops is what I would do. I would do a short course of HGH or like an HGH precursor like ipamorelin or Tessamorelin or just straight up hgh, just like a one to two week max course of that. You don't want to overuse something like that. But at the same time that can assist greatly with healing. So getting your hands on a growth hormone peptide or just straight growth hormone itself that'd be another thing that'd be an injectable. There are also peptides that you can use specifically. There's a peptide peptide stack that I actually use this sometimes. I did some of it this morning. But there are five different peptides that are incredible for neural inflammation. Some are topical, some are injectable and some are intranasal. So the intranasal one is called C Max. It's also known as cerebral lysine. You could go to peptidesociety.org to look up a doctor in your local community who can prescribe any of these. Dihexa, which is like a topical peptide that you apply to either side of your neck, right around the carotid artery. Two other peptides for the brain, Cortagen and penialin, which would be injections into the abdominal area. And then BPC157, which is also like a neural anti inflammatory that would be a straight up injectable into the abdominal area. So peptides would be another one that I would consider. In addition to the peptides and the growth hormone, there's also a lot of evidence, evidence now that using stem cells, either V cells or exosomes, or umbilical or amniotic stem cells that you snort, like intranasal stem cells in addition to intranasal cmax, that just goes straight into the brain and can help a ton with concussion, TBI issues, neural inflammation, et cetera. And again, a lot of this stuff can just be used as general cognition enhancing strategy. So a few other things I would consider in terms of neurogenesis. There's a lot of evidence that psilocybin and that cannabis and that lion's mane, especially if all three are stacked together, this would be something you could do prior to the float tank. Those can all be effective and safe treatments for head trauma, for concussions, for enhancing the regrowth and the healing of neurons. So we're talking about like a microdose of psilocybin been combined with lion's mane, combined with a little bit of cannabis. That also can be an effective treatment. So I'd look into that also. I know a lot of this stuff flies under the radar, but. But it comes down to a lot more than just like you know, rest for example, right? Cold thermogenesis, like cold water head dips or just like full on cold shower cold bath that can enhance a little bit with cardiovascular flow, with capillarization, with healing of the blood brain barrier. So some element of cold thermogenesis as well. There are a few other things that my buddy did that I will put into the show notes. But the other main thing that I wanted to point out to folks was that there are some really good clinics now that are popping up that do a really good job with the brain. Dr. Dan Engels clinic in Boulder, Colorado. He does a lot of brain work. Incredibly smart guy. There's also the Peak Brain Institute in LA that does pre and post QEEGs and uses neurofeedback to treat TBI and concussion issues. And they also work with people with add, adhd, distractibility, sleep issues, etc and I've done some podcasts with them as well. So it's the Peak Brain Institute in.

LA and one of the huge one for tbi. I figured you would probably mention it, but of course since it's kind of my wheelhouse too, I would, I would definitely say that if you have a tbi, it doesn't matter if it's kind of a minor concussion or a major concussion. Neurofeedback is like a must.

Yeah, yeah, absolutely. And then there, there is a, a clinic that I have not been to, but it's supposed to be one of the best ones in the US I think. They're located in Utah, in Provo, Utah. They're called Cognitive fx Cognitive FX and they have something called their EPIC treatment. EPIC treatment and what it involves is you go there for a week. It's a week long program designed to treat post concussion syndrome and post concussion syndrome symptoms. So they start off with what's called an FNCI scan, neck and brain MRI and then they follow that up with a week of intensive therapy that's specific to the brain injury and the severity symptoms. So you're there for a whole week and they do a bunch of different treatments. They've got like occupational and sensory motor therapies, they've got physical exercises, neuromuscular rehabilitation, psychological support, like the whole diet supplementation medical piece. Their website is cognitivefxusa.com again I haven't been there yet, but it is supposedly like the bee's knees when it comes to, it comes to concussion treatments. And like if I had a concussion I wanted to actually go to a clinic and have somebody oversee all of this for me. I would either go to Dr. Dan Ingles clinic in, in Boulder or I would go to this cognitive effects place in Provo, Utah. If you actually want, you know, if you had the money and wanted to fly and just like go spend a week completely healing your brain. So. Looks pretty sweet. There is a whole stack of supplements from like curcumin and turmeric to like, like a Chinese adaptogenic herb blend called Tian Qi. Glutathione, taurine, creatine, high dose melatonin before bed. A lot of other supplements that have been shown to heal the brain as well. But we're getting a little long on the tooth and I took a ton of notes on, on this whole protocol and I'm just going to put them all. You can consider this to be like the complete protocol for concussion tbi. I'm going to put it all in the show notes@BenGreenfield Fitness.com 402 if Mark or anybody else listening in wants to go and check that one out. So I'll put everything over there.

Yeah, no, that's great, man. Another thing to add to Boundless too, right?

That's right. That's right. I actually have a lot in the Boundless book as well on the, on, on just brain enhancement. You know, there are 10 chapters on Brain and mind enhancement as well in that book.

Nice. So, yeah, yeah, I'll say one, one thing, one thing that you kind of have mentioned but I wanted to talk about because again, it kind of falls right in my wheelhouse is that when I see a lot of individuals with tbi, there is just a lot of emotional pain that is, that comes secondary to having a concussion or having traumatic brain injury. And so a lot of people will kind of beat themselves down and kind of have this mentality that things will never get better, I'm never going to recover. But with the research that we have on brain neurogenesis and the ability for impaired areas of the brain to be either repaired or for other areas of the brain to take over the functioning of that area is pretty significant. And I think from the protocol that you've listed here, which again I'm looking at the notes now, it is quite extensive and I think that people may look at this and think, I don't know how I'm going to do all this, but I think it is well worth giving most of this a try because you want to do the best, give your brain the best shot and best chance to heal itself because you only have one brain. So, so give, give it your best go.

Oh, they're like the kidneys. There are a couple.

Yeah, right. Yeah, you can get rid of one of those. You don't need both.

I get my organs mixed up. But anyways, what do you think? Should we, should we, should we give something away? Give, give some slice away to wrap this up.

Let's Wrap that up. All right man, so I got one here that I'm gonna read to you from.

So this is the part of the show where Jay reads a review. So if you go to Apple Podcasts and you leave your review, you can leave your review on anything overcast or Spotify or Pandora or wherever you listen to this podcast, but you leave your review. And if we read your review and we like it and we read it out loud on the show, we'll send you a whole swag bag. All you gotta do is email gearngreenfield5fitness.com with your t shirt size. So if you hear your review read on the show, you email gearngreenfulfitness.com with your T shirt size and we're going to send you a swag bag. Alright, take it away, Jay.

Alright man. So I've got one from SAMT 1618 who titled his review or her review. Guess Sam could go both ways. Inspiring five star review and Sam says says in high school I used to tout my ability to eat copious amounts of junk. I did the same thing. This podcast has caused me to make a complete u turn. Through the knowledge brought by Ben, I have been inspired to be a label reader and to eat natural. This podcast has helped me to feel better and be enthused to eat healthier. I'm not quite to the level of coffee enemas. You'll get there. Oh, he says it, but perhaps I'll get there. I think you will. It's just kind of a natural progression.

Yeah, you know what? Coffee not to, not to rabbit hole too much because I know we got to wrap this thing up, but the whole coffee enema thing, I know I catch a lot of flack for that and you know, people are, people think I just like talk about coffee enemas or like do a coffee anime occasionally or even video some on on Instagram to, you know, just generate attention and do something gross. That that makes me stand out. But I actually do have genetics, medically a high risk for colon cancer. And for me it actually is a preventive strategy. Like I do this to care. And I've gotten two, I'm 37, I've gotten two colonoscopies already, you know, which are typically something you don't start till you're after 40. And I'm squeaky clean, squeaky clean. No polyps, nothing at all. And I attribute some of that to the fact that I've been doing, you know, several times per week, usually about three times a week, coffee enema for you years. And not only does it improve peristalsis and liver and gallbladder function, but it can decrease some of the risk for colon cancer. And so, so yeah, it's, it's not just a shtick. It's actually preventive method for me. So.

So quick. Giving Ben a hard time, people.

Yeah, quit giving me a hard time just taking care of myself, pay attention to my genetics, take care of my body. And the only thing I need to do now is sleep. So yeah, at some point today I'll make it happen. I have a guy knocking on my door in 10 minutes who wants to show me some brand new exercise device that he invented. And so I have to go exercise for the next hour. Then I'll.

It sounds so appealing when you want to sleep.

I know. So anyways though, everybody, thank you so much for listening in. Leave your, your comments, your questions, your feedback. We'll jump in and reply to everybody, everything over@BenGreenfieldFitness.com 402. We'll put the whole concussion protocol on there, everything else that we talked about, kettle and fire, bone broth, all the studies, the Metformin protocol or the Metformin alternative protocol, all those studies I mentioned on meat plants, everything over@BenGreenfieldFitness.com 402 Jay, awesome talking to you, man.

Good talking to you too, man. Go get some sleep after your four hour workout.

All right, bye everybody.

Peace.

Well, thanks for listening to today's show. You can grab all the show notes, the resources, pretty much everything that I mentioned over@BenGreenfieldFitness.com along with plenty of other goodies from me, including the highly helpful Ben Recommends page, which is a list of pretty much everything that I ever recommended for hormones, sleep digestion, fat loss, performance, and plenty more. Please also know that all the links, all the promo codes that I mentioned during this and every episode help to make this podcast happen and to generate income that enables me to keep bringing you this content every single week. So when you listen in, be sure to use the links in the show notes, use the promo codes that I generate because that helps to float this thing and keep it coming to you each and every week.